Antibody responses induced by experimental West Nile virus infection with or without previous immunization with inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in horses.
Abstract: A group of horses immunized with inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (JE-Immune Group) and a group of non-immunized horses (Non-Immune Group) were infected with West Nile virus (WNV). After WNV infection, neutralizing (Nt) antibody (Ab) titers to WNV were higher than those to JE virus (JEV) in the Non-Immune Group, but the NtAb titers to JEV were higher than those to WNV during most of the post-challenge observation period in the JE-Immune Group. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Abs to WNV tested positive in the Non-Immune Group but negative in the JE-Immune Group, except for in one horse. These results suggest that diagnosis of WNV infection in JE-immunized horses requires serological tests for NtAb and IgM titers to both WNV and JEV.
Publication Date: 2009-08-05 PubMed ID: 19652487DOI: 10.1292/jvms.71.969Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study investigates the body’s immune response in horses to infection with the West Nile virus (WNV), both in horses previously immunized with an inactivated Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccine and in non-immunized horses.
Experimental Setup
- The research team divided horses into two groups: the JE-Immune Group, which included horses previously immunized with the inactivated JE vaccine; and the Non-Immune Group, which consisted of non-immunized horses.
- They then infected both groups with the West Nile virus (WNV) to observe their respective immune responses.
Results and Observations
- Post WNV infection, neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titers (concentration levels) for WNV were higher than for JE virus (JEV) in the Non-Immune Group.
- In the JE-Immune Group, NtAb titers for JEV exceeded those for WNV throughout most of the post-infection observation period. This implies that the animals maintained a stronger immune response to JEV, probably due to prior immunization.
- The Non-Immune Group tested positive for Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to WNV, an early immune response signal, while the JE-Immune Group (with one exception) tested negative, demonstrating altered immune marker patterns based on the prior immunization.
Implications and Suggestions
- The results from the study indicate that diagnosis of WNV infection in horses previously immunized with the inactivated JE vaccine requires comprehensive serological tests. These tests should measure both NtAb and IgM titers for WNV and JEV.
- The study’s insights emphasize the need for diagnostic methods to factor in previous immunization history when interpreting immune responses to pathogens, as this may affect the accuracy of WNV infection diagnosis.
Cite This Article
APA
Shirafuji H, Kanehira K, Kamio T, Kubo M, Shibahara T, Konishi M, Murakami K, Nakamura Y, Yamanaka T, Kondo T, Matsumura T, Muranaka M, Katayama Y.
(2009).
Antibody responses induced by experimental West Nile virus infection with or without previous immunization with inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in horses.
J Vet Med Sci, 71(7), 969-974.
https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.71.969 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Research Team for Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan. shirah@affrc.go.jp
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Antibody Specificity
- Cross Reactions
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Immunoglobulin M / blood
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines / immunology
- West Nile Fever / immunology
- West Nile virus / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Dhollander S, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Morgado J, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): West Nile fever. EFSA J 2017 Aug;15(8):e04955.
- Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Prow NA, Wang W, Tan CS, Coyle M, Douma A, Hobson-Peters J, Kidd L, Hall RA, Petrovsky N. Safety and immunogenicity of a delta inulin-adjuvanted inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine in pregnant mares and foals. Vet Res 2014 Dec 17;45(1):130.
- Beck C, Jimenez-Clavero MA, Leblond A, Durand B, Nowotny N, Leparc-Goffart I, Zientara S, Jourdain E, Lecollinet S. Flaviviruses in Europe: complex circulation patterns and their consequences for the diagnosis and control of West Nile disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013 Nov 12;10(11):6049-83.
- Prow NA, Tan CS, Wang W, Hobson-Peters J, Kidd L, Barton A, Wright J, Hall RA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H. Natural exposure of horses to mosquito-borne flaviviruses in south-east Queensland, Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013 Sep 17;10(9):4432-43.
- Yeh JY, Lee JH, Park JY, Seo HJ, Moon JS, Cho IS, Kim HP, Yang YJ, Ahn KM, Kyung SG, Choi IS, Lee JB. A diagnostic algorithm to serologically differentiate West Nile virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections and its validation in field surveillance of poultry and horses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012 May;12(5):372-9.
- Kitai Y, Kondo T, Konishi E. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay for differentiating West Nile virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections in horses. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2010 May;17(5):875-8.
- Tolnai CH, Forgách P, Marosi A, Fehér O, Paszerbovics B, Tenk M, Wagenhoffer Z, Kutasi O. Long-Term Humoral Immune Response After West Nile Virus Convalescence in Horses in a Geographic Area of Multiple Orthoflavivirus Co-Circulation. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Jul-Aug;39(4):e70176.
- Khatibzadeh SM, Gold CB, Keggan AE, Perkins GA, Glaser AL, Dubovi EJ, Wagner B. West Nile virus-specific immunoglobulin isotype responses in vaccinated and infected horses. Am J Vet Res 2015 Jan;76(1):92-100.
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