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Archives of virology1988; 98(1-2); 91-97; doi: 10.1007/BF01321009

Antigenic variation of equine infectious anemia virus as detected by virus neutralization. Brief report.

Abstract: The antigenic structure of 16 viruses isolated from four horses which were inoculated with a clone of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus was compared by the neutralization test. The antigenic structure of viruses isolated after development of neutralizing antibody differed from virus to virus. Back mutation of the antigenic structure was also demonstrated by serial passage of the virus in horses. These results suggest that EIA virus is subject to multidirectional antigenic variation. The possibility that the variants originated in the heterologous virus population in the inoculum seems to be unlikely since the virus used for the primary inoculation was cloned by three repeated high-limiting dilutions.
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Publication Date: 1988-01-01 PubMed ID: 2829799DOI: 10.1007/BF01321009Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on examining the changing antigenic structure of Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) virus across 16 different cases, as determined by a neutralization test. The results suggest that EIA virus is prone to multifaceted antigenic variations.

Research Structure and Process

  • The study took 16 different viruses sampled from four horses that were inoculated with a clone of an equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus, marking a significant sample size in this veterinary virology study.
  • The researchers compared the antigenic structures of these viruses using a neutralization test – commonly employed in virology to determine the amount of neutralizing antibodies present in the blood serum of an organism, thus enabling the comparison of antigenic structures.

Findings and Implications

  • It was found that the antigenic structure of each virus differed following the development of neutralizing antibody. This highlights the dynamic nature of viruses and their abilities to change and adapt their antigenic structure in response to the host immune response.
  • The study also found evidence of back mutation in the antigenic structure, demonstrable by the serial passage of the virus in horses. Back mutation refers to the reversion of a mutated gene to its natural, wild-type state, further emphasizing the dynamic and changing nature of the viral antigenic structure in response to the host’s immune actions.

The Emerging Possibility of Multidirectional Antigenic Variation

  • Based on the findings, it was suggested that the EIA virus experiences multidirectional antigenic variation. This means the EIA virus might change its antigenic structure in more than one way or direction, adding further complexity to the genetic dynamics of the virus.
  • Finally, the team downplayed the possibility that the variations may have originated from a heterogeneous virus population in the initial test subject (inoculum), since they used a cloned virus for the primary inoculation, thereby theoretically limiting differential initial conditions. This made it unlikely that a source of variation was a differing initial viral populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Kono Y. (1988). Antigenic variation of equine infectious anemia virus as detected by virus neutralization. Brief report. Arch Virol, 98(1-2), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01321009

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 0304-8608
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 98
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 91-97

Researcher Affiliations

Kono, Y
  • National Institute of Animal Health, Ibaraki, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Antigenic Variation
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology
  • Cross Reactions
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
  • Neutralization Tests

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Taylor SD, Leib SR, Carpenter S, Mealey RH. Selection of a rare neutralization-resistant variant following passive transfer of convalescent immune plasma in equine infectious anemia virus-challenged SCID horses. J Virol 2010 Jul;84(13):6536-48.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.00218-10pubmed: 20392850google scholar: lookup
  2. Mealey RH, Leib SR, Pownder SL, McGuire TC. Adaptive immunity is the primary force driving selection of equine infectious anemia virus envelope SU variants during acute infection. J Virol 2004 Sep;78(17):9295-305.
    doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.17.9295-9305.2004pubmed: 15308724google scholar: lookup
  3. Hammond SA, Li F, McKeon BM Sr, Cook SJ, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Immune responses and viral replication in long-term inapparent carrier ponies inoculated with equine infectious anemia virus. J Virol 2000 Jul;74(13):5968-81.
    doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.13.5968-5981.2000pubmed: 10846078google scholar: lookup
  4. Lonning SM, Zhang W, Leib SR, McGuire TC. Detection and induction of equine infectious anemia virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses by use of recombinant retroviral vectors. J Virol 1999 Apr;73(4):2762-9.
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  5. Choi WS, Collignon C, Thiriart C, Burns DP, Stott EJ, Kent KA, Desrosiers RC. Effects of natural sequence variation on recognition by monoclonal antibodies neutralize simian immunodeficiency virus infectivity. J Virol 1994 Sep;68(9):5395-402.
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