FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Veterinary medicine international2023; 2023; 2407768; doi: 10.1155/2023/2407768

Antimicrobial Activity of Plasma Rich in Platelets (PRP) on the Ocular Microbiota of Healthy Horses from Minas Gerais: In Vitro Study.

Abstract: In equine ophthalmology, ulcerative keratitis is among the most common conditions and, in general, arises as a consequence of some trauma suffered. Secondarily, subsequent contamination by pathogenic or resident bacteria of the horse's ocular microbiota may have undesirable consequences. Under physiological conditions, the normal microbiota coexists with the immune status of the host, serving as a barrier, ensuring the health of the ocular surface, and inhibiting the proliferation of pathogens. However, in the imbalance of immune barriers, the normal microbiota can become pathogenic and lead to infection, acting as an opportunistic agent. The present study aims to demonstrate the antimicrobial effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), its time of action, and its correlation with the concentration of its same components in vitro on Staphylococcus sciuri, a bacterium with high prevalence in the normal ocular microbiota of horses in the municipality of Minas Gerais. For the preparation of the PRP, eight adult Quarter Horse (QH) horses were used. The individual PRP was prepared by the double centrifugation protocol, and then, the PRPs were added to a pool, followed by testing their interaction in culture with Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth at different dilutions against five strains collected from different animals. After 3, 6, 12, and 18 hours, the colony formation units (CFU) count on a 5% horse blood agar plate was evaluated for each time point. Our study showed that Staphylococcus sciuri, the resident microorganism of the ocular conjunctival microbiota of horses, is more susceptible when compared to the standard strain "American Type Culture Collection" (ATCC-29213) Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogenic microorganism, which was used for the validation of our study. The antibacterial effect shown in this study was bacteriostatic for up to 6 hours. The most concentrated PRP dilutions, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2, were also most effective, suggesting that the antibacterial effect is volume dependent.
Copyright © 2023 Luis E. C. Torres et al.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-08-16 PubMed ID: 37622165PubMed Central: PMC10447163DOI: 10.1155/2023/2407768Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the antimicrobial effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on bacteria commonly found in the eyes of horses to examine its potential in treating equine eye infections. The study documents PRP’s inhibitory effect on bacteria growth and its dependency on its concentration.

Introduction and Objective

  • The research was conducted against the backdrop of common eye infection conditions in horses, such as ulcerative keratitis often caused by trauma and subsequently contaminated by pathogenic bacteria.
  • The focus of the study was to understand the antimicrobial impact of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) on the ocular bacteria of healthy horses, and how this might shed light on its utility for managing equine eye infections.

Methodology

  • Eight adult Quarter Horse (QH) horses were used to prepare the individual PRP using a double centrifugation protocol.
  • The PRPs were pooled and tested for their interaction with Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth on five different bacterial strains collected from different animals.
  • The study involved testing PRP’s impact on bacterial growth at varying dilutions and time intervals (3, 6, 12, and 18 hours). Colony formation units (CFU) count on a 5% horse blood agar was used as the evaluation measure.

Findings

  • The study discovered that a resident microorganism of the horse’s ocular microbiota is more vulnerable in the face of PRP as compared to a pathogenic microorganism used as the standard strain for comparative study.
  • The antibacterial effect of PRP was found to be bacteriostatic (inhibiting bacterial growth rather than killing bacteria) for up to 6 hours.
  • It was also identified that the most concentrated PRP dilutions (1:1 and 1:2) demonstrated the greatest effectiveness, suggesting an association between the antibacterial effect and the volume of PRP.

Implications

  • This study accentuates the potential of PRP as a therapeutic agent for managing bacterial ocular infections in horses.
  • The findings provide important insights into PRP’s specific antimicrobial actions and the role of PRP concentration in mediating this effect.

Cite This Article

APA
Torres LEC, Florez CO, Oliveira JG, Vieira GD, Ribeiro IS, Keller KM, Leme FOP, Fantini P, Maranhão RPA. (2023). Antimicrobial Activity of Plasma Rich in Platelets (PRP) on the Ocular Microbiota of Healthy Horses from Minas Gerais: In Vitro Study. Vet Med Int, 2023, 2407768. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2407768

Publication

Veterinary medicine international
ISSN: 2090-8113
NlmUniqueID: 101524203
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2023
Pages: 2407768

Researcher Affiliations

Torres, Luis E C
  • Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
Florez, Camilo O
  • Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
Oliveira, Jéssica G
  • Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
Vieira, Giovanna D
  • Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
Ribeiro, Ilza S
  • Grupo UnieduK, Centro Universitário de Jaguariúna-UNIFAJ, Jaguariúna, São Paulo 13918-110, Brazil.
Keller, Kelly M
  • Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
Leme, Fabíola O P
  • Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
Fantini, Priscila
  • Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
Maranhão, Renata P A
  • Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

References

This article includes 50 references
  1. Alsousou J, Ali M, Willett K, Harrison P. The role of platelet-rich plasma in tissue regeneration.. Platelets 2013;24(3):173–182.
    pubmed: 22647081
  2. Etulain J, Mena H A, Meiss R P. An optimised protocol for platelet-rich plasma preparation to improve its angiogenic and regenerative properties.. Scientific Reports 2018;8(1):p. 1513.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19419-6pmc: PMC5784112pubmed: 29367608google scholar: lookup
  3. Tambella A M, Martin S, Cantalamessa A, Serri E, Attili A R. Platelet-rich plasma and other hemocomponents in veterinary regenerative medicine.. Wounds 2018;30(11):329–336.
    pubmed: 30418162
  4. Tambella A M, Attili A R, Dini F. Autologous platelet gel to treat chronic decubital ulcers: a randomized, blind controlled clinical trial in dogs.. Veterinary Surgery: Vysokomolekulyarnykh Soedinenii 2014;43(6):726–733.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12148.xpubmed: 24484268google scholar: lookup
  5. Tambella A M, Attili A R, Dupré G. Platelet-rich plasma to treat experimentally-induced skin wounds in animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. PLoS One 2018;13(1).
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191093pmc: PMC5764374pubmed: 29324848google scholar: lookup
  6. Huang Y, Liu X, Xu X, Liu J. Intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma, hyaluronic acid or corticosteroids for knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomized controlled study.. Orthopäde, Der 2019;48(3):239–247.
    doi: 10.1007/s00132-018-03659-5pubmed: 30623236google scholar: lookup
  7. Faillace V, Tambella A M, Fratini M, Paggi E, Dini F, Laus F. Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma for a delayed consolidation of a tibial fracture in a young donkey.. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2017;79(3):618–622.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0400pmc: PMC5383186pubmed: 28190827google scholar: lookup
  8. Del Fabbro M, Bucchi C, Lolato A, Corbella S, Testori T, Taschieri S. Healing of postextraction sockets preserved with autologous platelet concentrates. A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2017;75(8):1601–1615.
    doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.02.009pubmed: 28288724google scholar: lookup
  9. Tambella A M, Bartocetti F, Rossi G. Effects of autologous platelet-rich fibrin in post-extraction alveolar sockets: a randomized, controlled split-mouth trial in dogs with spontaneous periodontal disease.. Animals 2020;10(8):p. 1343.
    doi: 10.3390/ani10081343pmc: PMC7459700pubmed: 32759693google scholar: lookup
  10. Alio J L, Rodriguez A E, De Arriba P, Gisbert S, Abdelghany A A. Treatment with platelet-rich plasma of surgically related dormant corneal ulcers.. European Journal of Ophthalmology 2018;28(5):515–520.
    doi: 10.1177/1120672117747042pubmed: 29566537google scholar: lookup
  11. Li G, Yin J, Ding H, Jia W, Zhang C. Efficacy of leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma gel (L-PRP gel) in treating osteomyelitis in a rabbit model.. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2013;31(6):949–956.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.22299pubmed: 23280538google scholar: lookup
  12. Gilbertie J M, Schaer T P, Schubert A G. Platelet-rich plasma lysate displays antibiofilm properties and restores antimicrobial activity against synovial fluid biofilms in vitro.. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2020;38(6):1365–1374.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.24584pmc: PMC8018705pubmed: 31922274google scholar: lookup
  13. Attili A R, Iacoucci C, Serri E. Antibacterial properties of canine platelet-rich plasma and other non-transfusional hemo-components: an in vitro study.. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021;8(8).
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.746809pmc: PMC8520915pubmed: 34671662google scholar: lookup
  14. Cárdenas M L, Caceres Y N. Plasma rico en plaquetas: una alternativa terapéutica versátil en enfermedades oftálmicas.. Medicentro (Villa Clara) 2017;21(2):90–100.
  15. Khosravi A R, Nikaein D, Sharifzadeh A, Gharagozlou F. Ocular fungal flora from healthy horses in Iran.. Journal de Mycologie Medicale 2014;24(1):29–33.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.10.006pubmed: 24411178google scholar: lookup
  16. Andrew S E, Nguyen A, Jones G L, Brooks D E. Seasonal effects on the aerobic bacterial and fungal conjunctival flora of normal thoroughbred brood mares in Florida.. Veterinary Ophthalmology 2003;6(1):45–50.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2003.00265.xpubmed: 12641842google scholar: lookup
  17. Araghi-Sooreh A, Navidi M, Razi M. Conjunctival bacterial and fungal isolates in clinically healthy working horses in Iran.. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2014;20(4):625–627.
  18. Johns I C, Baxter K, Booler H, Hicks C, Menzies-Gow N. Conjunctival bacterial and fungal flora in healthy horses in the UK.. Veterinary Ophthalmology 2011;14(3):195–199.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00867.xpubmed: 21521444google scholar: lookup
  19. Baran V I, Özaydin I, Genç O. The effects of high and low altitudes on conjunctival flora in sport and work horses: a field study in the northeast anatolia region of Turkey (kars and iğdır). Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg 2015;21(4):477–481.
  20. Ferreira A R, Santana A F, Almeida A C, Sousa R F, Perecmanis S, Galera P D B. Bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity from the ocular conjunctiva of horses.. Ciência Rural 2017;47(6):1–6.
    doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20160753google scholar: lookup
  21. Hampson E C, Gibson J S, Barot M, Shapter F M, Greer R M. Identification of bacteria and fungi sampled from the conjunctival surface of normal horses in South-East Queensland, Australia.. Veterinary Ophthalmology 2018;22(3):265–275.
    doi: 10.1111/vop.12587pubmed: 29963751google scholar: lookup
  22. Vercruysse E M, Narinx F P, Rives A C, Sauvage A C, Grauwels M F, Monclin S J. Equine ulcerative keratitis in Belgium: associated bacterial isolates and in vitro antimicrobial resistance in 200 eyes.. Veterinary Ophthalmology 2022;25(5):326–337.
    doi: 10.1111/vop.12985pubmed: 35343046google scholar: lookup
  23. Ribeiro M V, Melo V F, Barbosa M E. The use of platelet rich-plasma in ophthalmology: a literature review.. Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia 2017;76(6):319–324.
    doi: 10.5935/0034-7280.20170067google scholar: lookup
  24. Bezerra N, Moura L, Vago B. Uso do plasma rico em plaquetas associado a colírios no tratamento de ceratite ulcerativa em equino.. Ciência Animal 2020;30(1):137–144.
  25. Bielecki T M, Gazdzik T S, Arendt J, Szczepanski T, Kròl W, Wielkoszynski T. Antibacterial effect of autologous platelet gel enriched with growth factors and other active substances: an in-vitro study.. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, British Volume 2007;89(3):417–420.
    doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.89b3.18491pubmed: 17356164google scholar: lookup
  26. Moojen D J, Everts P A, Schure R M. Antimicrobial activity of platelet-leukocyte gel againstStaphylococcus aureus.. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 2008;26(3):404–410.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.20519pubmed: 17960651google scholar: lookup
  27. Álvarez M E, López C, Giraldo C E, Samudio I, Carmona J. In vitro bactericidal activity of equine platelet concentrates, platelet poor plasma, and plasma against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria 2011;43(2):155–161.
    doi: 10.4067/s0301-732x2011000200008google scholar: lookup
  28. López C, Álvarez M E, Carmona J U. Temporal bacteriostatic effect and growth factor loss in equine platelet components and plasma cultured with methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a comparative in-vitro study.. Veterinary Medicine International 2014;2014:8.
    doi: 10.1155/2014/525826pmc: PMC4260436pubmed: 25506468google scholar: lookup
  29. Argüelles D, Carmona J U, Pastor J. Evaluation of single and double centrifugation tube methods for concentrating equine platelets.. Research in Veterinary Science 2006;81(2):237–245.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.12.008pubmed: 16969921google scholar: lookup
  30. Fontenot R L, Sink C A, Werre S R, Weinstein N M, Dahlgren L A. Simple tube centrifugation for processing platelet-rich plasma in the horse.. Canadian Veterinary Journal 2012;53(12):1266–1272.
    pmc: PMC3500116pubmed: 23729823
  31. Carmona J U, López C, Giraldo C E. Uso de concentrados autólogos de plaquetas como terapia regenerativa de enfermedades crónicas del aparato musculoesquelético equino.. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria 2011;43:1–10.
    doi: 10.4067/s0301-732x2011000100002google scholar: lookup
  32. Yamada A L, Carvalho A M, Oliveira P G. Plasma rico em plaquetas no tratamento de lesões condrais articulares induzidas experimentalmente em equinos: avaliação clínica, macroscópica, histológica e histoquímica.. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 2012;64(2):323–332.
    doi: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000200011google scholar: lookup
  33. Rushton J O, Kammergruber E, Tichy A, Egerbacher M, Nell B, Gabner S. Effects of three blood derived products on equine corneal cells, an in-vitro study.. Equine Veterinary Journal 2018;50(3):356–362.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12770pubmed: 29044680google scholar: lookup
  34. Carmona J U, López C, Sandoval A. Review of the currently available systems to obtain platelet related products to treat equine musculoskeletal injuries.. Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine 2013;3(2):148–159.
  35. Giraldo C E, López C, Álvarez M E, Samudio I J, Prades M, Carmona J U. Effects of the breed, sex and age on cellular content and growth factor release from equine pure-platelet rich plasma and pure-platelet rich gel.. BMC Veterinary Research 2013;9.
    pmc: PMC3577464pubmed: 23402541
  36. Cheung G Y, Bae J S, Otto M. Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus.. Virulence 2021;12(1):547–569.
    pmc: PMC7872022pubmed: 33522395
  37. Cheng A G, Mcadow M, Kim H K, Bae T, Missiakas D M, Schneewind O. Contribution of coagulases towards Staphylococcus aureus disease and protective immunity.. PLoS Pathogens 2010;6(8):19–20.
    pmc: PMC2916881pubmed: 20700445
  38. Mcadow M, Kim H K, Dedent A C, Hendrickx A P, Schneewind O, Missiakas D M. Preventing Staphylococcus aureus sepsis through the inhibition of its agglutination in blood.. PLoS Pathogens 2011;7(10).
    pmc: PMC3197598pubmed: 22028651
  39. Drago L, Bortolin M, Vassena C, Romanò C L, Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M. Plasma components and platelet activation are essential for the antimicrobial properties of autologous platelet-rich plasma: an in-vitrostudy.. PLoS One 2014;9(9):2–6.
    pmc: PMC4169456pubmed: 25232963
  40. Wu X, Ren J, Yuan Y, Luan J, Yao G, Li J. Antimicrobial properties of single-donor-derived, platelet-leukocyte fibrin for fistula occlusion: an in-vitro study.. Platelets 2013;24(8):632–636.
    pubmed: 23402660
  41. Burnouf T, Chou M L, Wu Y W, Su C Y, Lee L W. Antimicrobial activity of platelet (PLT)-poor plasma, PLT-rich plasma, PLT gel, and solvent/detergent-treated PLT lysate biomaterials against wound bacteria.. Transfusion 2013;53(1):138–146.
    pubmed: 22563709
  42. Cox D, Kerrigan S W, Watson S P. Platelets and the innate immune system: mechanisms of bacterial-induced platelet activation.. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2011;9(6):1097–1107.
    pubmed: 21435167
  43. Hamzeh-cognasse H, Damien P, Chabert A, Pozzetto B, Cognasse F, Garraud O. Platelets and infections-complex interactions with bacteria.. Frontiers in Immunology 2015;6:1–18.
    pmc: PMC4341565pubmed: 25767472
  44. Anitua E, Alonso R, Girbau C, Aguirre J J, Muruzabal F, Orive G. Antibacterial effect of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF®- Endoret®) against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains.. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 2012;37(6):652–657.
    pubmed: 22329713
  45. Mariani E, Filardo G, Canella V. Platelet-rich plasma affects bacterial growth in-vitro.. Cytotherapy 2014;16(9):1294–1304.
    pubmed: 25108654
  46. Intravia J, Allen D A, Durant T J. In-vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effect of two preparations of platelet rich plasma compared with cefazolin and whole blood.. Muscles Ligaments Tendons Journal 2014;8:79–84.
    pmc: PMC4049655pubmed: 24932452
  47. Varshney S, Dwivedi A, Pandey V. Antimicrobial effects of various platelet rich concentrates-vibes from in-vitro studies-a systematic review.. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research 2019;9(4):299–305.
    pmc: PMC6611965pubmed: 31316893
  48. Segabinazzi L G, Canisso I F, Podico G. Intrauterine blood plasma platelet-therapy mitigates persistent breeding-induced endometritis, reduces uterine infections, and improves embryo recovery in Mares.. Antibiotics 2021;10(5):1–19.
    pmc: PMC8146422pubmed: 33922743
  49. Aktan Í, Dunkel B, Cunningham F M. Equine platelets inhibit E. coli growth and can be activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid although superoxide anion production does not occur and platelet activation is not associated with enhanced production by neutrophils.. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2013;152(3–4):209–217.
    pubmed: 23332730
  50. Blair P, Flaumenhaft R. Platelet alpha-granules: basic biology and clinical correlates.. Blood Reviews 2009;23(4):177–189.
    doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2009.04.001pmc: PMC2720568pubmed: 19450911google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Choudhary DS, Ghanolia K, Shaheen J, Choudhary S, Chaudhary A, Kalal BS. Intrastromal autologous buffy coat as an adjuvant therapy for fungal corneal ulcer: a case report of two cases. Rom J Ophthalmol 2024 Oct-Dec;68(4):443-447.
    doi: 10.22336/rjo.2024.80pubmed: 39936054google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.