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Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials2010; 9; 12; doi: 10.1186/1476-0711-9-12

Antimicrobial resistance in equine faecal Escherichia coli isolates from North West England.

Abstract: Escherichia coli isolates of equine faecal origin were investigated for antibiotic resistance, resistance genes and their ability to perform horizontal transfer. Methods: In total, 264 faecal samples were collected from 138 horses in hospital and community livery premises in northwest England, yielding 296 resistant E. coli isolates. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs by disc diffusion and agar dilution methods in order to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). PCR amplification was used to detect genes conferring resistance to: ampicillin (TEM and SHV beta-lactamase), chloramphenicol (catI, catII, catIII and cml), tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tet E and tetG), and trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA9, dfrA12, dfrA13, dfr7, and dfr17). Results: The proportion of antibiotic resistant isolates, and multidrug resistant isolates (MDR) was significantly higher in hospital samples compared to livery samples (MDR: 48% of hospital isolates; 12% of livery isolates, p < 0.001). Resistance to ciprofloxacin and florfenicol were identified mostly within the MDR phenotypes. Resistance genes included dfr, TEM beta-lactamase, tet and cat, conferring resistance to trimethoprim, ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, respectively. Within each antimicrobial resistance group, these genes occurred at frequencies of 93% (260/279), 91%, 86.8% and 73.5%, respectively; with 115/296 (38.8%) found to be MDR isolates. Conjugation experiments were performed on selected isolates and MDR phenotypes were readily transferred. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that E. coli of equine faecal origin are commonly resistant to antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. Furthermore, our results suggest that most antibiotic resistance observed in equine E. coli is encoded by well-known and well-characterized resistant genes common to E. coli from man and domestic animals. These data support the ongoing concern about antimicrobial resistance, MDR, antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine and the zoonotic risk that horses could potentially pose to public health.
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Publication Date: 2010-04-07 PubMed ID: 20374640PubMed Central: PMC2867969DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-9-12Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in horse faecal samples from North West England. The research identifies that a significant percentage of these E. coli isolates are resistant to multiple drugs, with a higher proportion found in hospital environments compared to community livery premises.

Methodology

  • The study collected 264 faecal samples from 138 horses obtained from both hospital and community livery premises in northwest England.
  • The researchers obtained 296 resistant E. coli isolates from these samples. Isolates were tested for their resistance to different antimicrobial drugs using methods like disc diffusion and agar dilution. This allowed for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), or the lowest concentration of a drug that can inhibit the growth of a microorganism.
  • PCR amplification, a technique used to create multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA, was used to detect resistance genes. These included genes which confer resistance to various antibiotics including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim.

Results

  • The researchers found that the proportion of antibiotic-resistant and multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates was significantly higher in samples obtained from hospitals than those from livery premises.
  • Resistance to two antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin and florfenicol, were mostly identified within the MDR phenotypes.
  • The resistance genes identified included dfr, TEM beta-lactamase, tet, and cat, which confer resistance to antibiotics like trimethoprim, ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, respectively.
  • The frequencies of these resistance genes within each antimicrobial resistance group were remarkably high, with 38.8% of isolates found to be MDR.
  • Finally, when conjugation experiments, which allow for genetic material to be exchanged between bacteria, were conducted, MDR phenotypes were readily transferred.

Conclusions

  • The findings indicate that E. coli, originating from equine faecal matter, are commonly resistant to antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine.
  • The study suggests that the majority of antibiotic resistance observed in these E. coli isolates is encoded by well known and well-characterized resistance genes that are also commonly found in E. coli from humans and domestic animals. These findings reinforce existing concerns about antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance (MDR), the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and the potential risk to public health that horses may pose.

Cite This Article

APA
Ahmed MO, Clegg PD, Williams NJ, Baptiste KE, Bennett M. (2010). Antimicrobial resistance in equine faecal Escherichia coli isolates from North West England. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 9, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-9-12

Publication

Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials
ISSN: 1476-0711
NlmUniqueID: 101152152
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 12

Researcher Affiliations

Ahmed, Mohamed O
  • Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Al Fateh University, Tripoli, P.O. Box 13662, Libya. mhmd73@lttnet.net
Clegg, Peter D
    Williams, Nicola J
      Baptiste, Keith E
        Bennett, Malcolm

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
          • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / genetics
          • England
          • Environmental Monitoring
          • Escherichia coli / drug effects
          • Escherichia coli / genetics
          • Feces / microbiology
          • Genes, Bacterial
          • Horses / microbiology
          • Humans
          • Microbial Sensitivity Tests

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