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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Sci / Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates from Donk...
Veterinary sciences2022; 9(2); 67; doi: 10.3390/vetsci9020067

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates from Donkey Uterine Infections, 2018-2021.

Abstract: Endometritis is a common reproductive disease in equine animals. No investigation about the bacterial characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of donkeys with endometritis has thus far been reported. Objective: To determine the common uterine bacterial isolates from donkeys with endometritis and to evaluate their susceptibility to antimicrobials used for the treatment thereof. Methods: Retrospective case-series. Methods: Medical records at an equine clinical diagnostic center were retrospectively reviewed to identify submissions from donkeys with bacterial endometritis between 2018 and 2021. Data were extracted and analyzed descriptively in terms of the frequency of bacterial species, susceptibility to antimicrobials and multidrug resistance. Results: A total of 73 isolates were identified from 30 donkeys, of which 92% of the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria. Mixed cultures were found in 90% of the donkeys. The most common isolates were (31.5%) and spp. (21.9%). Susceptibility testing revealed that amikacin (98%), cefoxitin (95%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (78%) and gentamicin (74%) were the most efficient agents for donkeys. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 20% of all bacterial isolates, of which all isolates showed a multidrug resistance profile. Main limitations: The sample size was relatively small, which means a bias of selection may exist. The antimicrobial resistance and MDR of agents without break points were not calculated, which means the relative results may be underestimated in our study. Conclusions: Severe infections were detected in donkeys with endometritis. Antimicrobial resistance and MDR bacteria are not rare in our study. This study demonstrated that bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are highly recommended before the treatment of uterine infections in donkeys. Further studies, including the epidemiological investigation of bacterial endometritis of donkeys, should be conducted to provide a better understanding of this critical problem.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-05 PubMed ID: 35202320PubMed Central: PMC8875120DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020067Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper examines the types of bacteria common in donkey uterine infections and their resistance to various antimicrobials. The study showed that antimicrobial resistance and multi-drug resistance bacteria are prevalent in donkey uterine bacteria and recommended further tests before treatment.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The primary objective was to identify prevalent bacterial species causing endometritis, a common reproductive disease, in donkeys and assess their resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
  • The study adopted a retrospective case-series methodology where medical records from an equine clinical diagnostic center were curated to note submissions related to endometritis in donkeys from 2018-2021.
  • The data compiled included the frequency of various bacterial species, their resistance to antimicrobial medications, and instances of multidrug resistance.

Findings of the Study

  • The analysis identified 73 bacterial isolates sourced from 30 donkeys. An overwhelmingly large proportion, about 92%, of these isolates were Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Mixed cultures were present in around 90% of the affected donkeys. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (31.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (21.9%).
  • The study found that amongst antibiotics, amikacin (98% efficacy), cefoxitin (95% efficacy), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (78% efficacy), and gentamicin (74% efficacy) were the most beneficial in treating these infections.
  • Insights revealed that 20% of all bacterial isolates showcased multidrug resistance, including all the Escherichia coli isolates.

Study Limitations and Implications

  • The limited sample size was a significant limitation, raising the possibility of selection bias. Additionally, the study did not calculate the resistance and multidrug resistance of agents without break points, potentially underestimating the relative results.
  • The study found substantial prevalence of severe infections, antimicrobial resistance, and multidrug-resistant bacteria in donkeys suffering from endometritis. This highlights the importance of bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing before treatment commencement.

Recommendations for Future Research

  • The researchers suggested that more comprehensive studies, including the epidemiological investigation of bacterial endometritis in donkeys, should be conducted. This would help broaden the understanding of this prominent issue and possibly assist in effective treatment and prevention strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Liu B, Mi J, Li N, Zhao W, Wu R, Holyoak GR, Li J, Liu D, Zeng S, Wang Y. (2022). Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates from Donkey Uterine Infections, 2018-2021. Vet Sci, 9(2), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020067

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
PII: 67

Researcher Affiliations

Zhao, Yufei
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Zhu, Yiping
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Liu, Bo
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Mi, Junpeng
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
Li, Nan
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Zhao, Weisen
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Wu, Rongzheng
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Holyoak, Gilbert Reed
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Li, Jing
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Liu, Dejun
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Zeng, Shenming
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.
Wang, Yang
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China.

Grant Funding

  • 81991531 / National Natural Science Foundation of China

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Tyrnenopoulou P, Fthenakis GC. Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance in the Reproductive System of Equids.. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 Mar 28;12(4).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12040664pubmed: 37107026google scholar: lookup
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