FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res Commun / Apneic oxygenation in anesthetized ponies and horses.
Veterinary research communications1987; 11(3); 281-291; doi: 10.1007/BF00570926

Apneic oxygenation in anesthetized ponies and horses.

Abstract: Apneic oxygenation was studied in six ponies for 30 minutes, and six horses for 10 minutes. Arterial blood was sampled at regular intervals for measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (PaO2 and PaCO2) and calculation of alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (PAO2-PaO2). In both groups of animals, PaO2 decreased rapidly during the first 3 minutes of apnea, then more slowly. Although the mean value was above 100 mmHg at 10 minutes, there was considerable inter-animal variability. Before apnea, PAO2-PaO2 was slightly, but not significantly, larger in horses than in ponies and increased in both groups during the first 3 minutes of apnea, after which the increase was slower. There was no significant difference between ponies and horses up to 10 minutes, suggesting that PAO2-PaO2 is independent of body size. In ponies, the PAO2-PaO2 did not change significantly between 10 and 30 minutes. Final PaO2 could not be correlated with initial PaO2 or initial PAO2-PaO2. The rate of rise of PAO2-PaO2 could not be predicted from baseline values. The rate of rise of PaCO2 was similar and fairly constant in ponies and horses, and did not contribute to the rapid initial decrease in PaO2. It appears that apneic oxygenation should not be used in the equine species, since it is impossible to predict in which animals the technique is safe for more than a few minutes.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1987-01-01 PubMed ID: 3114941DOI: 10.1007/BF00570926Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article studies the effects of apneic oxygenation in ponies and horses. The findings suggest that apneic oxygenation shows some unpredictable outcomes and hence is not a recommended technique in these animals.

Study Design

  • The study was conducted on two groups: six ponies and six horses.
  • The ponies were observed for 30 minutes while the horses were observed for 10 minutes.
  • Arterial blood was periodically sampled to measure oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (PaO2 and PaCO2).
  • The researchers also calculated the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (PAO2-PaO2).

Findings

  • In both groups, PaO2 declined quickly during the initial 3 minutes of apnea and then more slowly.
  • Although the mean PaO2 value was above 100 mmHg at 10 minutes, there was significant variability between animals.
  • Before apnea, PAO2-PaO2 was slightly greater in horses than in ponies but not to a statistically significant degree.
  • The PAO2-PaO2 increased in both groups during the first 3 minutes of apnea, and the increase rate slowed down thereafter.

Implications

  • No significant difference was found between ponies and horses up to 10 minutes, implying that PAO2-PaO2 might be independent of body size.
  • In ponies, the PAO2-PaO2 did not change significantly between 10 and 30 minutes.
  • The researchers found no correlation between the final PaO2 with either the initial PaO2 or the initial PAO2-PaO2. This suggests that the rate of rise of PAO2-PaO2 could not be predicted from baseline values.
  • The rate of increase of PaCO2 was similar and relatively steady in both ponies and horses, and did not contribute to the quick initial reduction in PaO2.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that apneic oxygenation is not recommended for use in equines as it produces unpredictable outcomes, making it impossible to predict the animals where this technique is safe for use beyond a few minutes.

Cite This Article

APA
Blaze CA, Robinson NE. (1987). Apneic oxygenation in anesthetized ponies and horses. Vet Res Commun, 11(3), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00570926

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 0165-7380
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: 281-291

Researcher Affiliations

Blaze, C A
    Robinson, N E

      MeSH Terms

      • Anesthesia / veterinary
      • Animals
      • Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
      • Carbon Dioxide / blood
      • Female
      • Horses / physiology
      • Horses / surgery
      • Male
      • Oxygen / administration & dosage
      • Oxygen / blood
      • Respiration, Artificial / adverse effects
      • Respiration, Artificial / veterinary

      References

      This article includes 21 references
      1. Hubbell JA, Muir WW 3rd. Rate of rise of arterial carbon dioxide tension in the halothane-anesthetized horse.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985 Feb 15;186(4):374-6.
        pubmed: 3918978
      2. HOLMDAHL MH. Pulmonary uptake of oxygen, acid-base metabolism, and circulation during prolonged apnoea.. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1956;212:1-128.
        pubmed: 13326155
      3. Parks CM, Manohar M. Distribution of blood flow during moderate and strenuous exercise in ponies (Equus caballus).. Am J Vet Res 1983 Oct;44(10):1861-6.
        pubmed: 6416115
      4. Rugh KS, Garner HE, Hatfield DG, Herrold D. Arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in conscious laterally recumbent ponies.. Equine Vet J 1984 May;16(3):185-8.
        pubmed: 6428880doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01899.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      5. Hall LW. Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of recumbency in two conscious ponies.. Equine Vet J 1984 Mar;16(2):89-92.
        pubmed: 6714220doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01866.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      6. Weaver BM, Walley RV. Ventilation and cardiovascular studies during mechanical control of ventilation in horses.. Equine Vet J 1975 Jan;7(1):9-15.
        pubmed: 234844doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1975.tb03222.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      7. ENGHOFF H, HOLMDAHL MH, RISHOLM L. Diffusion respiration in man.. Nature 1951 Nov 10;168(4280):830.
        pubmed: 14890767doi: 10.1038/168830a0google scholar: lookup
      8. Fraioli RL, Sheffer LA, Steffenson JL. Pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of apneic oxygenation in man.. Anesthesiology 1973 Dec;39(6):588-96.
        pubmed: 4761019doi: 10.1097/00000542-197312000-00006google scholar: lookup
      9. Mitchell B, Littlejohn A. The effect of anaesthesia and posture on the exchange of respiratory gases and on the heart rate.. Equine Vet J 1974 Oct;6(4):177-8.
        pubmed: 4426318doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1974.tb03956.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      10. De Moor A, Desmet P, Verschooten F. Influence of change of body position on arterial oxygenation and acid-base status in the horse in lateral recumbency, anaesthetized with halothane and efficiency of postanaesthetic oxygen administration.. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1974 Jul;21(7):525-31.
        pubmed: 4213182doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1974.tb01146.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      11. DRAPER WB, WHITEHEAD RW. The phenomenon of diffusion respiration.. Curr Res Anesth Analg 1949 Nov-Dec;28(6):307-18, illust.
        pubmed: 15393681
      12. DRAPER WB, WHITEHEAD RW, SPENCER JN. Studies on diffusion respiration: alveolar gases and venous blood pH of dogs during diffusion respiration.. Anesthesiology 1947 Sep;8(5):524-33.
        pubmed: 20264468doi: 10.1097/00000542-194709000-00009google scholar: lookup
      13. Thomas DP, Fregin GF. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to treadmill exercise in the horse.. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1981 Apr;50(4):864-8.
        pubmed: 7263369doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.50.4.864google scholar: lookup
      14. Hall LW. Disturbances of cardiopulmonary function in anaesthetised horses.. Equine Vet J 1971 Jul;3(3):95-8.
        pubmed: 4949803doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1971.tb04447.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      15. TENNEY SM. Mechanism of hypertension during diffusion respiration.. Anesthesiology 1956 Nov-Dec;17(6):768-76.
        pubmed: 13362975doi: 10.1097/00000542-195611000-00003google scholar: lookup
      16. FRUMIN MJ, EPSTEIN RM, COHEN G. Apneic oxygenation in man.. Anesthesiology 1959 Nov-Dec;20:789-98.
        pubmed: 13825447doi: 10.1097/00000542-195911000-00007google scholar: lookup
      17. Lees P, Tavernor WD. Influence of halothane and catecholamines on heart rate and rhythm in the horse.. Br J Pharmacol 1970 May;39(1):149-59.
        pubmed: 5420092doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb09564.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      18. Nahas GG, Verosky M. The storage of CO-2 during apneic oxygenation.. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1966 Apr 1;133(1):134-41.
        pubmed: 5220280doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb50718.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      19. Gillespie JR, Tyler WS, Hall LW. Cardiopulmonary dysfunction in anesthetized, laterally recumbent horses.. Am J Vet Res 1969 Jan;30(1):61-72.
        pubmed: 5782568
      20. Hildebrand SV, Howitt GA. Succinylcholine infusion associated with hyperthermia in ponies anesthetized with halothane.. Am J Vet Res 1983 Dec;44(12):2280-4.
        pubmed: 6660617
      21. Hall LW, Gillespie JR, Tyler WS. Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension differences in anaesthetized horses.. Br J Anaesth 1968 Aug;40(8):560-8.
        pubmed: 4875426doi: 10.1093/bja/40.8.560google scholar: lookup

      Citations

      This article has been cited 1 times.
      1. Kolettas AA, Tsaousi GG, Grosomanidis V, Karakoulas KA, Thomareis O, Kotzampassi K, Vasilakos DG. Influence of apneic oxygenation on cardiorespiratory system homeostasis. J Anesth 2014 Apr;28(2):172-9.
        doi: 10.1007/s00540-013-1714-5pubmed: 24061849google scholar: lookup
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.