Arthroscopic optical coherence tomography provides detailed information on articular cartilage lesions in horses.
Abstract: Arthroscopy enables direct inspection of the articular surface, but provides no information on deeper cartilage layers. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), based on measurement of reflection and backscattering of light, is a diagnostic technique used in cardiovascular surgery and ophthalmology. It provides cross-sectional images at resolutions comparable to that of low-power microscopy. The aim of this study was to determine if OCT is feasible for advanced clinical assessment of lesions in equine articular cartilage during diagnostic arthroscopy. Diagnostic arthroscopy of 36 metacarpophalangeal joints was carried out ex vivo. Of these, 18 joints with varying degrees of cartilage damage were selected, wherein OCT arthroscopy was conducted using an OCT catheter (diameter 0.9 mm) inserted through standard instrument portals. Five sites of interest, occasionally supplemented with other locations where defects were encountered, were arthroscopically graded according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) classification system. The same sites were evaluated qualitatively (ICRS classification and morphological description of the lesions) and quantitatively (measurement of cartilage thickness) on OCT images. OCT provided high resolution images of cartilage enabling determination of cartilage thickness. Comparing ICRS grades determined by both arthroscopy and OCT revealed poor agreement. Furthermore, OCT visualised a spectrum of lesions, including cavitation, fibrillation, superficial and deep clefts, erosion, ulceration and fragmentation. In addition, with OCT the arthroscopically inaccessible area between the dorsal MC3 and P1 was reachable in some cases. Arthroscopically-guided OCT provided more detailed and quantitative information on the morphology of articular cartilage lesions than conventional arthroscopy. OCT could therefore improve the diagnostic value of arthroscopy in equine orthopaedic surgery.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2013-06-28 PubMed ID: 23810744DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.031Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study used Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) arthroscopy on horses to provide high-resolution images and measurements of damaged articular cartilage, revealing details not visible through conventional arthroscopy.
Research Purpose and Methodology
- This study aimed to determine the feasibility of using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a technique used in cardiovascular surgery and ophthalmology, for advanced assessment of articular cartilage lesions in horses during diagnostic arthroscopy.
- The authors performed ex vivo diagnostic arthroscopy on 36 metacarpophalangeal joints, selecting 18 joints featuring varying damage levels to the cartilage for OCT arthroscopy.
- An OCT catheter was inserted through standard instrument portals to conduct the OCT arthroscopy.
- Five sites of interest, occasionally supplemented with other defect locations encountered, were arthroscopically graded using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) classification system.
- The same sites were evaluated qualitatively (based on ICRS classification and description of the lesions) and quantitatively (by measuring cartilage thickness) on the OCT images.
Results and Findings
- OCT provided high-resolution images of the cartilage, thus allowing for precise measurements of the cartilage thickness.
- A comparison of the ICRS grades determined by both arthroscopy and OCT showed low agreement, implying substantial differences between the two diagnostic methods.
- OCT was capable of visualising a range of lesions, including cavitation, fibrillation, superficial and deep clefts, erosion, ulceration, and fragmentation. These details weren’t always visible through conventional arthroscopy.
- OCT also made it possible to reach some arthroscopically inaccessible areas in some cases.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that OCT arthroscopy provides more detailed and quantitative information on the morphology of articular cartilage lesions compared to conventional arthroscopy. This could potentially enhance the diagnostic value of arthroscopy in equine orthopaedic surgery.
Cite This Article
APA
te Moller NC, Brommer H, Liukkonen J, Virén T, Timonen M, Puhakka PH, Jurvelin JS, van Weeren PR, Töyräs J.
(2013).
Arthroscopic optical coherence tomography provides detailed information on articular cartilage lesions in horses.
Vet J, 197(3), 589-595.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.05.031 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 114, Utrecht 3508 TD, The Netherlands. Electronic address: n.c.r.temoller@uu.nl.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arthroscopy / methods
- Arthroscopy / veterinary
- Cadaver
- Cartilage Diseases / pathology
- Cartilage Diseases / veterinary
- Cartilage, Articular / pathology
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Tomography, Optical Coherence / methods
- Tomography, Optical Coherence / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Ciamillo SA, Pownder SL, Potter HG, Stefanovski D, Nixon AJ, Ortved KF. Correlation of Arthroscopic Grading and Optical Coherence Tomography as Markers of Early Repair and Predictors of Later Healing Evident on MRI and Histomorphometric Assessment of Cartilage Defects Implanted with Chondrocytes Overexpressing IGF-I.. Cartilage 2023 Jun;14(2):210-219.
- Khan B, Kafian-Attari I, Nippolainen E, Shaikh R, Semenov D, Hauta-Kasari M, Töyräs J, Afara IO. Articular cartilage optical properties in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range vary with depth and tissue integrity.. Biomed Opt Express 2021 Oct 1;12(10):6066-6080.
- Li J, Huang Y, Song J, Li X, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Chen D, Ma PX, Peng W, Wang W, Zhou G. Cartilage regeneration using arthroscopic flushing fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a one-step rapid cross-linked hydrogel.. Acta Biomater 2018 Oct 1;79:202-215.
- Sarin JK, Rieppo L, Brommer H, Afara IO, Saarakkala S, Töyräs J. Combination of optical coherence tomography and near infrared spectroscopy enhances determination of articular cartilage composition and structure.. Sci Rep 2017 Sep 6;7(1):10586.
- Afara IO, Singh S, Moody H, Zhang L, Oloyede A. Characterization of Articular Cartilage Recovery and Its Correlation with Optical Response in the Near-Infrared Spectral Range.. Cartilage 2017 Jul;8(3):307-316.
- Puhakka PH, Te Moller NC, Tanska P, Saarakkala S, Tiitu V, Korhonen RK, Brommer H, Virén T, Jurvelin JS, Töyräs J. Optical coherence tomography enables accurate measurement of equine cartilage thickness for determination of speed of sound.. Acta Orthop 2016 Aug;87(4):418-24.
- Novakofski KD, Pownder SL, Koff MF, Williams RM, Potter HG, Fortier LA. High-Resolution Methods for Diagnosing Cartilage Damage In Vivo.. Cartilage 2016 Jan;7(1):39-51.
- Jahr H, Brill N, Nebelung S. Detecting early stage osteoarthritis by optical coherence tomography?. Biomarkers 2015;20(8):590-6.
- Mansour JM, Lee Z, Welter JF. Nondestructive Techniques to Evaluate the Characteristics and Development of Engineered Cartilage.. Ann Biomed Eng 2016 Mar;44(3):733-49.
- Matcher SJ. What can biophotonics tell us about the 3D microstructure of articular cartilage?. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015 Feb;5(1):143-58.
- Niemelä T, Virén T, Liukkonen J, Argüelles D, te Moller NC, Puhakka PH, Jurvelin JS, Tulamo RM, Töyräs J. Application of optical coherence tomography enhances reproducibility of arthroscopic evaluation of equine joints.. Acta Vet Scand 2014 Jan 10;56(1):3.
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