FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Medical mycology2005; 43 Suppl 1; S71-S73; doi: 10.1080/13693780400020089

Aspergillosis in mammals and birds: impact on veterinary medicine.

Abstract: Aspergillosis is relatively uncommon in mammals, but dogs, horses, cows and dolphins are susceptible. On the other hand, aspergillosis is a major cause of mortality in birds. This paper provides an overview of the manifestations of this disease in these animals. Treatment options are still lacking, but the increased incidence of the disease in humans has led to increased study, which may benefit both human and veterinary medicine.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2005-08-23 PubMed ID: 16110795DOI: 10.1080/13693780400020089Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article delves into the study of Aspergillosis, a disease relatively less common among mammals but significantly affects birds, serving as a cause of mortality. The article gives insights into the disease’s manifestations in different animals such as dogs, horses, cows, dolphins, and birds, along with the lack of effective treatment options. It also touches upon the increased incidence of the disease in humans and its impact on both human and veterinary medicine.

Understanding Aspergillosis

  • The study focuses on the disease named Aspergillosis which is more prevalent in birds than in mammals. Primarily, animals such as dogs, horses, cows, dolphins and specifically birds are prone to this disease.
  • Aspergillosis can cause serious mortality in birds, hence making it a significant focus for the research.

Manifestations of Aspergillosis

  • This research enumerates the varying manifestations of Aspergillosis in the susceptible animals studied.
  • These manifestations and effects would be detailed in the research paper, with potential variances in symptoms and intensity of the disease across different kinds of animals highlighted.

Impediments in Treatment

  • The paper underscores that we are still lacking in effective treatment options for Aspergillosis.
  • This gap necessitates more study and research into the nature of the disease, its causes, and its potential cure or palliation.

Impact on Human and Veterinary Medicine

  • Further, the study points out that there has been an increased occurrence of Aspergillosis in humans, renewing interest and intensifying study in the pathology of this disease.
  • Such scientific interest and research efforts could be beneficial to both human medicine and veterinary medicine, potentially leading to new discoveries and treatment protocols.

Cite This Article

APA
Tell LA. (2005). Aspergillosis in mammals and birds: impact on veterinary medicine. Med Mycol, 43 Suppl 1, S71-S73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780400020089

Publication

Medical mycology
ISSN: 1369-3786
NlmUniqueID: 9815835
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 43 Suppl 1
Pages: S71-S73

Researcher Affiliations

Tell, L A
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. latell@ucdavis.edu

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antifungal Agents / administration & dosage
  • Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use
  • Aspergillosis / diagnosis
  • Aspergillosis / drug therapy
  • Aspergillosis / microbiology
  • Aspergillosis / veterinary
  • Aspergillus / classification
  • Bird Diseases / diagnosis
  • Bird Diseases / drug therapy
  • Bird Diseases / microbiology
  • Birds / microbiology
  • Cattle
  • Dogs
  • Dolphins
  • Horses
  • Mammals / microbiology
  • Veterinary Drugs / administration & dosage
  • Veterinary Drugs / therapeutic use

Citations

This article has been cited 59 times.
  1. Kalkayeva D, Maulanov A, Sobiech P, Michalski M, Kuzembekova G, Dzhangabulova A, Nurkhojayev N, Aldayarov N. Epidemiological characteristics and financial losses due to avian aspergillosis in households in the Almaty region, Republic of Kazakhstan. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1141456.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1141456pubmed: 37138907google scholar: lookup
  2. Debergh H, Becker P, Vercammen F, Lagrou K, Haesendonck R, Saegerman C, Packeu A. Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Humboldt Penguins-Susceptibility Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical and Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates from a Belgian Zoo, 2017-2022. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 Mar 15;12(3).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12030584pubmed: 36978451google scholar: lookup
  3. Dobiáš R, Jahn P, Tóthová K, Dobešová O, Višňovská D, Patil R, Škríba A, Jaworská P, Škorič M, Podojil L, Kantorová M, Mrázek J, Krejčí E, Stevens DA, Havlíček V. Diagnosis of Aspergillosis in Horses. J Fungi (Basel) 2023 Jan 25;9(2).
    doi: 10.3390/jof9020161pubmed: 36836276google scholar: lookup
  4. Ulloa-Avellán O, Calderón-Hernández A, Rubí-Chacón R, Vargas-Leitón B. Aspergillus spp. Isolated from Lungs of Poultry (Gallus gallus) at the Mycology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica between 2008 and 2021 and Associated Factors. J Fungi (Basel) 2022 Dec 30;9(1).
    doi: 10.3390/jof9010058pubmed: 36675879google scholar: lookup
  5. Cruciani D, Crotti S, Maresca C, Pecorelli I, Verdini E, Rodolfi M, Scoccia E, Spina S, Valentini A, Agnetti F. Preliminary Investigation about Aspergillus spp. Spread in Umbrian Avian Farms. J Fungi (Basel) 2022 Nov 16;8(11).
    doi: 10.3390/jof8111213pubmed: 36422034google scholar: lookup
  6. Winter DJ, Weir BS, Glare T, Rhodes J, Perrott J, Fisher MC, Stajich JE, Digby A, Dearden PK, Cox MP. A single fungal strain was the unexpected cause of a mass aspergillosis outbreak in the world's largest and only flightless parrot. iScience 2022 Dec 22;25(12):105470.
    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105470pubmed: 36404926google scholar: lookup
  7. Ugochukwu ICI, Aneke CI, Sani NA, Omeke JN, Anyanwu MU, Odigie AE, Onoja RI, Ocheja OB, Ugochukwu MO, Luca I, Makanju OA. Important Mycoses of Wildlife: Emphasis on Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pathology-A Review: PART 1. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jul 22;12(15).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12151874pubmed: 35892524google scholar: lookup
  8. Mariappan AK, Munusamy P, Latheef SK, Kohale S, Verma A, Puvvala B, Mathesh K, Dhama K. Grading of Anatomopathological Disparity in the Cases of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in wild avian species as recorded in Pigeons (Columba livia), Peafowls (Pavo cristatus), and Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus). Arch Razi Inst 2022 Feb;77(1):301-313.
    doi: 10.22092/ARI.2021.356382.1834pubmed: 35891735google scholar: lookup
  9. Arafat MY, Islam MM, Ahamed S, Mahmud MM, Rahman MB, Nazir KHMNH. Molecular detection of Aspergilli from commercial chicken in selected areas of Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022 Jun;9(2):184-190.
    doi: 10.5455/javar.2022.i583pubmed: 35891662google scholar: lookup
  10. Marques GN, Cota JB, Leal MO, Silva NU, Flanagan CA, Crosta L, Tavares L, Oliveira M. First Documentation of Exophiala spp. Isolation in Psittaciformes. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jun 30;12(13).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12131699pubmed: 35804598google scholar: lookup
  11. Galosi L, Falcaro C, Danesi P, Zanardello C, Berardi S, Biagini L, Attili AR, Rossi G. Atypical Mycosis in Psittacine Birds: A Retrospective Study. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:883276.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.883276pubmed: 35647088google scholar: lookup
  12. Lofgren LA, Lorch JM, Cramer RA, Blehert DS, Berlowski-Zier BM, Winzeler ME, Gutierrez-Perez C, Kordana NE, Stajich JE. Avian-associated Aspergillus fumigatus displays broad phylogenetic distribution, no evidence for host specificity, and multiple genotypes within epizootic events. G3 (Bethesda) 2022 May 6;12(5).
    doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac075pubmed: 35377435google scholar: lookup
  13. Woodruff DC, Wolff EDS, Wedel MJ, Dennison S, Witmer LM. The first occurrence of an avian-style respiratory infection in a non-avian dinosaur. Sci Rep 2022 Feb 10;12(1):1954.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05761-3pubmed: 35145134google scholar: lookup
  14. Ostović M, Ravić I, Kovačić M, Ekert Kabalin A, Matković K, Sabolek I, Pavičić Ž, Menčik S, Horvatek Tomić D. Differences in fungal contamination of broiler litter between summer and winter fattening periods. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2021 Jun 28;72(3):140-147.
    doi: 10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3508pubmed: 34187106google scholar: lookup
  15. Arné P, Risco-Castillo V, Jouvion G, Le Barzic C, Guillot J. Aspergillosis in Wild Birds. J Fungi (Basel) 2021 Mar 23;7(3).
    doi: 10.3390/jof7030241pubmed: 33807065google scholar: lookup
  16. Ewbank AC, Duarte-Benvenuto A, Zamana-Ramblas R, Navas-Suárez PE, Gattamorta MA, Dos Santos-Costa PC, Catão-Dias JL, Sacristán C. Case report of respiratory aspergillosis and candidiasis in wild Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus), Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2021 Jun;52(2):967-975.
    doi: 10.1007/s42770-021-00438-xpubmed: 33566323google scholar: lookup
  17. Melo AM, Stevens DA, Tell LA, Veríssimo C, Sabino R, Xavier MO. Aspergillosis, Avian Species and the One Health Perspective: The Possible Importance of Birds in Azole Resistance. Microorganisms 2020 Dec 19;8(12).
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8122037pubmed: 33352774google scholar: lookup
  18. Isabelle L, Vanessa BR, Philippe DJ. Rhinitis due to Aspergillus pseudoviridinutans in an orange-winged Amazon parrot (Amazona amazonica). Med Mycol Case Rep 2020 Dec;30:46-50.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2020.11.001pubmed: 33304803google scholar: lookup
  19. Carmo PMSD, Uzal FA, Pedroso PMO, Riet-Correa F. Conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis in sheep and goats: a review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020 Nov;32(6):826-834.
    doi: 10.1177/1040638720958338pubmed: 32921278google scholar: lookup
  20. Itoh M, Toyotome T, Matsumoto N, Okamoto M, Watanabe KI, Yamada K. Characteristic imaging findings of the respiratory system in penguins with suspected aspergillosis in an aquarium. J Vet Med Sci 2020 Sep 24;82(9):1260-1266.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.20-0129pubmed: 32655097google scholar: lookup
  21. Melo AM, Silva-Filho RPD, Poester VR, von Groll A, Fernandes CG, Stevens DA, Sabino R, Xavier MO. Aspergillosis in free-ranging aquatic birds. Med Mycol Case Rep 2020 Jun;28:36-38.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2020.04.005pubmed: 32405453google scholar: lookup
  22. . Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on a request from the Commission related with animal health and welfare risks associated with the import of wild birds other than poultry into the European Union. EFSA J 2006 Nov;4(11):410.
    doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2006.410pubmed: 32313576google scholar: lookup
  23. Yamada K, Toyotome T, Matsumoto N, Itoh M. Autopsy imaging for aspergillosis in King Penguin, an economically valuable zoo animal. J Vet Med Sci 2020 Mar 24;82(3):373-375.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.19-0431pubmed: 31983704google scholar: lookup
  24. Kiser PK, Meritet DM, Bildfell RJ. Aspergillus Section Nigri-Associated Calcium Oxalate Crystals in an Eurasian Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). Case Rep Vet Med 2018;2018:3807059.
    doi: 10.1155/2018/3807059pubmed: 29955435google scholar: lookup
  25. Ebani VV, Najar B, Bertelloni F, Pistelli L, Mancianti F, Nardoni S. Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sixteen Essential Oils against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus Isolated from Poultry. Vet Sci 2018 Jun 25;5(3).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci5030062pubmed: 29941827google scholar: lookup
  26. Seyedmousavi S, Bosco SMG, de Hoog S, Ebel F, Elad D, Gomes RR, Jacobsen ID, Jensen HE, Martel A, Mignon B, Pasmans F, Piecková E, Rodrigues AM, Singh K, Vicente VA, Wibbelt G, Wiederhold NP, Guillot J. Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations. Med Mycol 2018 Apr 1;56(suppl_1):165-187.
    doi: 10.1093/mmy/myx104pubmed: 29538732google scholar: lookup
  27. Kornillowicz-Kowalska T, Kitowski I. Nests of Marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus L.) as refuges of potentially phytopathogenic and zoopathogenic fungi. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018 Jan;25(1):136-143.
    doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.03.016pubmed: 29379370google scholar: lookup
  28. Maniam R, Selvarajah GT, Mazlan M, Lung Than LT. Pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma with Aspergillus versicolor infection in a dog. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018 Mar;19:25-29.
    doi: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.11.005pubmed: 29234587google scholar: lookup
  29. Magro M, Sykes J, Vishkautsan P, Martínez-López B. Spatial Patterns and Impacts of Environmental and Climatic Factors on Canine Sinonasal Aspergillosis in Northern California. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:104.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00104pubmed: 28717638google scholar: lookup
  30. Li H, Zhu R, She R, Zhang C, Shi R, Li W, Du F, Wu Q, Hu F, Zhang Y, Soomro MH, Zheng C. Case Report Associated with Aspergillosis and Hepatitis E Virus Coinfection in Himalayan Griffons. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:287315.
    doi: 10.1155/2015/287315pubmed: 26605326google scholar: lookup
  31. Latif H, Gross M, Fischer D, Lierz M, Usleber E. Immunochemical analysis of fumigaclavine mycotoxins in respiratory tissues and in blood serum of birds with confirmed aspergillosis. Mycotoxin Res 2015 Nov;31(4):177-83.
    doi: 10.1007/s12550-015-0228-4pubmed: 26388046google scholar: lookup
  32. Suzuta F, Kimura K, Urakawa R, Kusuda Y, Tanaka S, Hanafusa Y, Haritani M. Variations in the morphology of Rhizomucor pusillus in granulomatous lesions of a Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). J Vet Med Sci 2015 Aug;77(8):1029-31.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.14-0527pubmed: 25892614google scholar: lookup
  33. Copetti MV, Barcelos Ada S, Kommers GD, Santurio JM, Oliveira FN, Lovato M. Cutaneous, respiratory and hepatic aspergillosis in Brazilian white Pekin mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Mycopathologia 2015 Apr;179(3-4):321-5.
    doi: 10.1007/s11046-014-9833-6pubmed: 25481845google scholar: lookup
  34. Kalaskar PS, Karande VV, Bannalikar AS, Gatne MM. Antifungal Activity of Leaves of Mangroves Plant Acanthus licifolius Against Aspergillus fumigatus. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012 Nov;74(6):575-9.
    doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.110614pubmed: 23798786google scholar: lookup
  35. Reza K, Nasrin A, Mahmoud S. Clinical and pathological findings of concurrent poxvirus lesions and aspergillosis infection in canaries. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013 Mar;3(3):182-5.
    doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60046-5pubmed: 23620834google scholar: lookup
  36. Latif H, Curtui V, Ackermann Y, Groß M, Usleber E. Production and characterization of antibodies against fumigaclavine A. Mycotoxin Res 2009 Oct;25(3):159-64.
    doi: 10.1007/s12550-009-0024-0pubmed: 23605095google scholar: lookup
  37. Suleiman MM, Duncan N, Eloff JN, Naidoo V. A controlled study to determine the efficacy of Loxostylis alata (Anacardiaceae) in the treatment of aspergillus in a chicken (Gallus domesticus) model in comparison to ketoconazole. BMC Vet Res 2012 Oct 31;8:210.
    doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-210pubmed: 23114185google scholar: lookup
  38. Korniłłowicz-Kowalska T, Kitowski I. Aspergillus fumigatus and other thermophilic fungi in nests of wetland birds. Mycopathologia 2013 Feb;175(1-2):43-56.
    doi: 10.1007/s11046-012-9582-3pubmed: 23054328google scholar: lookup
  39. Wang DY, Hadj-Henni L, Thierry S, Arné P, Chermette R, Botterel F, Hadrich I, Makni F, Ayadi A, Ranque S, Huang WY, Guillot J. Simple and highly discriminatory VNTR-based multiplex PCR for tracing sources of Aspergillus flavus isolates. PLoS One 2012;7(9):e44204.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044204pubmed: 23028503google scholar: lookup
  40. Hadrich I, Drira I, Neji S, Mahfoud N, Ranque S, Makni F, Ayadi A. Microsatellite typing of Aspergillus flavus from clinical and environmental avian isolates. J Med Microbiol 2013 Jan;62(Pt 1):121-125.
    doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.047803-0pubmed: 22977077google scholar: lookup
  41. Van Waeyenberghe L, Pasmans F, D'Herde K, Ducatelle R, Favoreel H, Li SJ, Haesebrouck F, Martel A. Germination of Aspergillus fumigatus inside avian respiratory macrophages is associated with cytotoxicity. Vet Res 2012 Apr 19;43(1):32.
    doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-32pubmed: 22515231google scholar: lookup
  42. Williams MM, Davis EG, KuKanich B. Pharmacokinetics of oral terbinafine in horses and Greyhound dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011 Jun;34(3):232-7.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01213.xpubmed: 21492187google scholar: lookup
  43. Takahashi H, Ueda K, Itano EN, Yanagisawa M, Murata Y, Murata M, Yaguchi T, Murakami M, Kamei K, Inomata T, Miyahara H, Sano A, Uchida S. Candida albicans and C. tropicalis Isolates from the Expired Breathes of Captive Dolphins and Their Environments in an Aquarium. Vet Med Int 2010 Dec 22;2010:349364.
    doi: 10.4061/2010/349364pubmed: 21234394google scholar: lookup
  44. Thierry S, Wang D, Arné P, Deville M, De Bruin B, Nieguitsila A, Pourcel C, Laroucau K, Chermette R, Huang W, Botterel F, Guillot J. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for molecular typing of Aspergillus fumigatus. BMC Microbiol 2010 Dec 8;10:315.
    doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-315pubmed: 21143842google scholar: lookup
  45. Jacobsen ID, Grosse K, Slesiona S, Hube B, Berndt A, Brock M. Embryonated eggs as an alternative infection model to investigate Aspergillus fumigatus virulence. Infect Immun 2010 Jul;78(7):2995-3006.
    doi: 10.1128/IAI.00268-10pubmed: 20421382google scholar: lookup
  46. Cacciuttolo E, Rossi G, Nardoni S, Legrottaglie R, Mani P. Anatomopathological aspects of avian aspergillosis. Vet Res Commun 2009 Aug;33(6):521-7.
    doi: 10.1007/s11259-008-9199-7pubmed: 19189225google scholar: lookup
  47. Capilla J, Clemons KV, Stevens DA. Animal models: an important tool in mycology. Med Mycol 2007 Dec;45(8):657-84.
    doi: 10.1080/13693780701644140pubmed: 18027253google scholar: lookup
  48. Khoufache K, Puel O, Loiseau N, Delaforge M, Rivollet D, Coste A, Cordonnier C, Escudier E, Botterel F, Bretagne S. Verruculogen associated with Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae and conidia modifies the electrophysiological properties of human nasal epithelial cells. BMC Microbiol 2007 Jan 23;7:5.
    doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-5pubmed: 17244350google scholar: lookup
  49. Takanobu S, Araki Y, Nitta R, Shindo H, Matsumoto N, Itoh M, Yamada K, Toyotome T. Seasonal variation in Aspergillus abundance in captive penguin burrow sands and its implication for aspergillosis risk in Japan. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1708049.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1708049pubmed: 41607943google scholar: lookup
  50. Rau S, Krone O, Schrödl W, Schinköthe J. Case Report: Aspergillosis and Cyathostoma americana co-infection in the lower respiratory tract of a Harris's Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus). Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1680843.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1680843pubmed: 41234398google scholar: lookup
  51. Colom-Rivero A, Fernández A, Marrero-Ponce L, Padrón-Ramírez D, Caballero-Hernández L, Rivero-Herrera C, Suárez-Santana CM, Sierra E. Pathological and Molecular Characterization of Avipoxvirus Infection in Burhinus oedicnemus in the Canary Islands. Vet Sci 2025 Sep 2;12(9).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci12090849pubmed: 41012774google scholar: lookup
  52. Kuberka M, Prządka P, Dzimira S. Concurrent Leydig and Sertoli Cell Tumors Associated with Testicular Mycosis in a Dog: A Case Report and Literature Review. Pathogens 2025 Jul 31;14(8).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080752pubmed: 40872262google scholar: lookup
  53. Maj AK, Górecki P, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Jańczak D. Occurrence of Aspergillus spp. in Parrot Feeds on the Polish Market: The Potential Health Threat of Aspergillosis and Mycotoxicosis for Exotic Pet Birds, a Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2025 Jun 18;12(6).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci12060597pubmed: 40559834google scholar: lookup
  54. Dieste-Pérez L, Holstege MMC, de Jong JE, Heuvelink AE. Azole resistance in Aspergillus isolates from animals or their direct environment (2013-2023): a systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2025;12:1507997.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1507997pubmed: 40182641google scholar: lookup
  55. von Knoblauch T, Jensen AB, Mülling CKW, Heusinger A, Aupperle-Lellbach H, Genersch E. Stonebrood Disease-Histomorphological Changes in Honey Bee Larvae (Apis mellifera) Experimentally Infected with Aspergillus flavus. Vet Sci 2025 Feb 4;12(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci12020124pubmed: 40005884google scholar: lookup
  56. de Jong JE, Heuvelink AE, Dieste Pérez L, Holstege MMC. Aspergillus spp., aspergillosis and azole usage in animal species in Europe: Results from a multisectoral survey and review of recent literature. Med Mycol 2025 Jan 25;63(2).
    doi: 10.1093/mmy/myaf009pubmed: 39890594google scholar: lookup
  57. Debergh H, Haesendonck R, Botteldoorn N, Martel A, Pasmans F, Saegerman C, Packeu A. Pan-azole resistance in clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates carrying TR34/L98H from birds and mammals in Belgium. One Health 2024 Dec;19:100907.
    doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100907pubmed: 39430230google scholar: lookup
  58. Tanase OI, Pavel G, Hritcu OM, Dascalu MA, Bratuleanu BE, Rimbu CM, Bocaneti FD. Disseminated Infection with Aspergillus fumigatus in a Scarlet Macaw Parrot (Ara macao)-A Case Report. Animals (Basel) 2024 Aug 5;14(15).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14152282pubmed: 39123808google scholar: lookup
  59. van Dijk MAM, Buil JB, Tehupeiory-Kooreman M, Broekhuizen MJ, Broens EM, Wagenaar JA, Verweij PE. Azole Resistance in Veterinary Clinical Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates in the Netherlands. Mycopathologia 2024 Jun 12;189(4):50.
    doi: 10.1007/s11046-024-00850-5pubmed: 38864903google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.