FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Veterinary surgery : VS2023; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13970

Assessment and comparison of microcirculation and macrocirculation in horses undergoing emergency exploratory celiotomy versus elective surgical procedures.

Abstract: To assess oral buccal microcirculation by hand-held videomicroscopy in horses during colic surgery, comparing microcirculation values with macrocirculatory parameters and with those of healthy elective surgical horses. Methods: Clinical prospective study. Methods: Client-owned horses (nine in the colic group; 11 in the elective group). Methods: In the colic group, buccal mucosal side stream dark-field microscopy (DFM) videos, cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and lactate were obtained at three timepoints under general anesthesia (30, 90, and 150 min after induction). Video analysis was used to determine total vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels, perfused vessel density, and heterogeneity index. Dark-field microscopy videos, MAP, and lactate were obtained at a single timepoint under general anesthesia (45 min after induction) in the elective group. Results: There were no differences in microcirculatory parameters between colic and elective horses, nor was there a difference across timepoints in the colic group. There was a weak negative correlation between microvascular parameters and CO (rho = -0.23). Conclusions: The colic group did not have decreased microcirculation in comparison with the healthy elective group. Dark-field microscopy did not correlate well with macrocirculatory parameters in the colic group. Conclusions: Dark-field microscopy may not be a sensitive enough indicator to detect differences in microcirculation between colic and elective groups. The lack of difference in microcirculation may be due to sample size, probe location, or variation in disease severity.
© 2023 The Authors. Veterinary Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-06-06 PubMed ID: 37280741DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13970Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper investigated microcirculation and macrocirculation in horses that were subjected to emergency exploratory surgery (specifically for colic) and compared them with horses that underwent elective surgeries. The main finding was that there were no significant differences in the microcirculatory parameters between the horses in the colic group and the elective group; suggesting that major surgery did not lead to detectable decreases in these horses’ microcirculation.

Methods

  • The researchers conducted a clinical prospective study involving client-owned horses. There were two groups, the colic group comprised of nine horses needing emergency colic surgery, and the elective group consisting of 11 horses having a planned (non-emergency) surgical procedure.
  • A hand-held videomicroscopy tool was used for measuring oral buccal microcirculation parameters during the procedure, in both groups. The parameters, including total vessel density, the proportion of perfused vessels, perfused vessel density, and heterogeneity index, were measured at three points during anesthesia in the colic group and once in the elective group.
  • For the colic group, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and lactate levels were also measured at the same three points.

Results

  • On comparing the microcirculatory parameters of the two groups, the study found no significant differences. Similarly, there was no difference found across the three timepoints in the colic group.
  • The study discovered a mild negative correlation between the microcirculatory parameters and cardiac output meaning that as cardiac output increased, the microcirculatory parameters decreased slightly.

Conclusions

  • The findings suggested that much to contrary belief, microcirculation in horses undergoing emergency colic surgery is not necessarily decreased as compared to horses undergoing elective procedures.
  • However, the study also indicated that using dark-field microscopy (DFM), which was the method used in this study for assessing microcirculation, may have limitations in correlating well with macrocirculatory parameters like cardiac output in the colic group.
  • There could be a multitude of reasons behind the lack of differences in microcirculation between the two groups, such as the sample size was too small, the location of the probe, or the varying degrees of disease severity among the horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Foth PW, Gardner A, Pereira CR, Cooper E, Schroeder E, Mudge MC. (2023). Assessment and comparison of microcirculation and macrocirculation in horses undergoing emergency exploratory celiotomy versus elective surgical procedures. Vet Surg. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13970

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Foth, Patrick W
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Gardner, Alison
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Pereira, Carolina Ricco
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Cooper, Edward
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Schroeder, Eric
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Mudge, Margaret C
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Grant Funding

  • 2018-03 / Ohio State University

References

This article includes 26 references
  1. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Baseline Reference of Equine Health and Management in the United States. 2015.
  2. Mair TS, Smith LJ. Survival and complication rates in 300 horses undergoing surgical treatment of colic. Part 1: short-term survival following a single laparotomy. Eq vet J 2005;37:296-302.
  3. McConachie E, Giguère S, Barton MH. Scoring system for multiple organ dysfunction in adult horses with acute surgical gastrointestinal disease. J Vet Int Med 2016;30(4):1276-1283.
  4. Proudman CJ, Edwards GB, Barnes J, French NP. Modelling long-term survival of horses following surgery for large intestinal disease. Eq Vet J 2005 Jul;37(4):366-370.
  5. Urbanavičius L, Pattyn P, Van de Putte D, Venskutonis D. How to assess intestinal viability during surgery: a review of techniques. World J Gastrointestinal Surg 2011;3(5):59-69.
  6. Sheats M, Cook V, Jones S, Blikslager A, Pease A. Use of ultrasound to evaluate outcome following colic surgery for equine large colon volvulus. Eq vet J 2010;42(1):47-52.
  7. Khanna AK, Karamchandani K. Macrocirculation and microcirculation: the “batman and superman” story of critical care resuscitation. Anesthesia Analgesia 2021;132(1):280-283.
  8. Hallowell G, Lethbridge K, Croxford A, Bowen I. E-1 assessment and reliability of measuring microvascular perfusion in normal adult conscious horses. J of Vet Int Med 2013;27:648-649.
  9. Dünser MW, Takala J, Brunauer A, Bakker J. Re-thinking resuscitation: leaving blood pressure cosmetics behind and moving forward to permissive hypotension and a tissue perfusion-based approach. Crit Care 2013;17:326.
  10. Guven G, Hilty MP, Ince C. Microcirculation: physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical application. Blood Purif 2020;49(1-2):143-150.
  11. Edul VS, Dubin A, Ince C. The microcirculation as a therapeutic target in the treatment of sepsis and shock. Seminars Resp Crit Care Med 2011;32(5):558-568.
  12. Vincent JL, De Backer D. Microcirculatory alterations in the critically ill. Hosp Pract 2009;37(1):107-112.
  13. De Backer D, Hollenberg S, Boerma C. How to evaluate the microcirculation: report of a round table conference. Crit Care 2007;11(5):1-9.
  14. Ince C, Boerma EC, Cecconi M. Second consensus on the assessment of sublingual microcirculation in critically ill patients: results from a task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 2018;44:281-299.
  15. Mansour C, Chaaya R, Sredensek J. Evaluation of the sublingual microcirculation with sidestream dark field video microscopy in horses anesthetized for an elective procedure or intestinal surgery. Am J Vet Res 2021;82(7):574-581.
  16. Hurcombe SD, Welch BR, Williams JM, Cooper ES, Russell D, Mudge MC. Dark-field microscopy in the assessment of large colon microperfusion and mucosal injury in naturally occurring surgical disease of the equine large colon. Equine vet J 2014;46(6):674-680.
  17. Kieffer PJ, Williams JM, Shepard MK, Giguère S, Epstein KL. Comparison of the oral and rectal mucosal and colonic serosal microcirculations of healthy, anesthetized horses. Can J Vet Res 2018;82:55-59.
  18. Hopster K, Neudeck S, Wittenberg-Voges L, Kästner SB. The relationship between intestinal and oral mucosa microcirculation in anaesthetized horses. Vet Anaesthesia Analgesia 2018;45(1):78-81.
  19. Bezemer R, Dobbe JG, Bartels SA. Rapid automatic assessment of microvascular density in sidestream dark field images. Med Biol Eng Comput 2011;49(11):1269-1278.
  20. Hallowell GD, Corley KT. Use of lithium dilution and pulse contour analysis cardiac output determination in anaesthetized horses: a clinical evaluation. Vet Anaesthesia Analgesia 2005;32(4):201-211.
  21. Corley KT, Donaldson LL, Durando MM, Birks EK. Cardiac output technologies with special reference to the horse. J Vet Int Med 2003 May;17(3):262-272.
  22. Freccero F, Di Maio C, Mariella J, Lanci A, Castagnetti C, Hallowell G. Assessment of the microvascular perfusion using sidestream dark-field imaging in healthy newborn foals. Vet Med Sci 2023 Jan;9(1):158-166.
  23. Zhang X, Xuan W, Yin P, Wang L, Wu X, Wu Q. Gastric tonometry guided therapy in critical care patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2015;19:22.
  24. Peruski AM, Cooper ES. Assessment of microcirculatory changes by use of sidestream dark field microscopy during hemorrhagic shock in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2011;72(4):438-445.
  25. Silverstein DC, Pruett-Saratan A II, Drobatz KJ. Measurements of microvascular perfusion in healthy anesthetized dogs using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2009;19(6):579-587.
  26. Dancker C, Hopster K, Rohn K, Kästner SB. Effects of dobutamine, dopamine, phenylephrine and noradrenaline on systemic haemodynamics and intestinal perfusion in isoflurane anaesthetised horses. Eq Vet J 2018;50(1):104-110.

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.