Assessment of muscle oxygenation in the horse by near infrared spectroscopy.
Abstract: This study examined the ability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to noninvasively determine changes to muscle oxygenation in the resting horse. Five horses had (NIRS) performed over extremity muscle while under general anaesthesia, first with 8 min limb ischaemia, then systemic hypoxaemia for 5 min. A second group of 6 awake horses had NIRS performed over extremity muscle while being administered hypoxic gas (F(I)O2 0.10) for 5 min, and after return to steady state, limb ischaemia was induced for an additional 5 min. In the anaesthetised horses' ischaemia induced marked and significant muscle deoxygenation of haemoglobin/myoglobin (P<0.01), with corresponding arterial saturation decreasing from 98.9 to 81.9%. Hypoxaemia induced small yet significant muscle deoxygenation (P<0.01) that was 3.2% of the ischaemia deoxygenation signal, with a corresponding decrease in arterial saturation from 98.6 to 90.4%. In the awake horses muscle deoxygenation was not detectable during hypoxia despite reduction of arterial saturation from 97.8 to 86.8%, whereas ischaemia induced rapid and significant deoxygenation of muscle (P<0.05), with corresponding reduction of venous saturation from 78.4 to 75.4%. In neither group of horses was there evidence of cytochrome aa3 reduction, despite complete ischaemia for up to 8 min. NIRS changes in the resting horse muscle clearly differed between ischaemia and hypoxaemia, and can readily show muscle deoxygenation in clinically relevant hypoxaemia in the horse under anaesthesia. Further, as the deoxygenation signal induced by ischaemia was clearly detectable above a background movement artefact, NIRS application to study of muscle oxygenation in the working horse should be explored.
Publication Date: 2000-02-08 PubMed ID: 10661387DOI: 10.2746/042516400777611973Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigated the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure muscle oxygenation levels in both anesthetized and awake horses. The researchers found that under specific conditions, NIRS can accurately show changes in muscle deoxygenation, indicating it could be a useful tool for monitoring the health of horse muscles, particularly during anaesthesia and physically intense activities.
Objective of the Study
- The main objective of this study was to assess the capability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a noninvasive tool to measure changes in muscle oxygenation in horses.
- The researchers wanted to ascertain the effectiveness of NIRS in differentiating between ischaemia (restriction in blood supply to tissues leading to oxygen shortage) and hypoxaemia (abnormally low levels of oxygen in blood).
- Both general conditions and specifically imposed conditions of ischaemia and hypoxaemia were tested in both anesthetized and awake horses.
Methodology
- The study involved two groups of horses. The first group had five horses which were anesthetized. The second group had six awake horses.
- The anesthetized horses underwent NIRS while under general anaesthesia, first with limb ischaemia for eight minutes, followed by systemic hypoxaemia for five minutes.
- The awake horses underwent NIRS while inhaling hypoxic gas for five minutes, after which limb ischaemia was induced for another five minutes.
Results of the Study
- In the anesthetized horses, limb ischaemia led to a significant deoxygenation of haemoglobin/myoglobin in the muscles, with a corresponding decrease in arterial saturation.
- Hypoxaemia in the anaesthetised horses also led to detectable muscle deoxygenation, albeit to a lesser extent than during ischaemia conditions.
- In the awake horses, muscle deoxygenation was undetectable during hypoxic conditions despite a reduction in arterial saturation. However, during ischaemic conditions, significant deoxygenation of the muscle was observed.
- In neither group of horses was there evidence of cytochrome aa3 reduction, regardless of complete ischaemia for up to 8 minutes.
Conclusion and Recommendations
- The results suggested that NIRS effectively shows muscle deoxygenation in horses under certain conditions. It has a clear distinction between muscle responses during ischaemia and hypoxaemia states.
- The research suggests the utility of NIRS in clinical settings and its application could be beneficial in monitoring the health of horse muscles during anaesthesia or intense physical activities.
Cite This Article
APA
Pringle J, Roberts C, Art T, Lekeux P.
(2000).
Assessment of muscle oxygenation in the horse by near infrared spectroscopy.
Equine Vet J, 32(1), 59-64.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516400777611973 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown PE, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
- Electron Transport Complex IV / analysis
- Female
- Forelimb
- Hemoglobins / analysis
- Hindlimb
- Horses / metabolism
- Hypoxia / metabolism
- Hypoxia / veterinary
- Ischemia / metabolism
- Ischemia / veterinary
- Male
- Masks / veterinary
- Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
- Myoglobin / analysis
- Oxygen / metabolism
- Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / veterinary
- Transducers, Pressure / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Gagnon RE, Gagnon FA, Macnab AJ, LeBlanc JG. Temperature, hematocrit, pH, and glucose 4-way ANOVA of cytochrome C oxidase redox status during systemic cold circulatory arrest in swine. Metab Brain Dis 2005 Jun;20(2):105-13.
- Frabasile L, Amendola C, Buttafava M, Chincarini M, Contini D, Cozzi B, De Zani D, Guerri G, Lacerenza M, Minero M, Petrizzi L, Qiu L, Rabbogliatti V, Rossi E, Spinelli L, Straticò P, Vignola G, Zani DD, Dalla Costa E, Torricelli A. Non-invasive estimation of in vivo optical properties and hemodynamic parameters of domestic animals: a preliminary study on horses, dogs, and sheep. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1243325.
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