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Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc2020; 33(2); 300-307; doi: 10.1177/1040638720983791

Assessment of platelet biology in equine patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Abstract: In addition to maintaining hemostasis, platelets have an important role in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. A low platelet count has been found to be a negative prognostic factor for survival in humans and horses with critical illnesses, such as sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Decreased platelet aggregation, caused by in vivo activation, has been found in human patients with severe sepsis. In our prospective controlled study, we assessed platelet biology in blood samples from 20 equine SIRS cases and 120 healthy control horses. Platelet variables such as platelet count, large platelet count, clumps, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, and mean platelet component concentration were analyzed by laser flow cytometry (Advia 2120) from KEDTA blood and from citrate blood. Hirudin blood samples were analyzed by impedance aggregometry (Multiplate analyzer; Roche) for platelet aggregation, including spontaneous aggregation and aggregation by 4 different agonists: adenosine diphosphate (ADPtest), ADP + prostaglandin E1 (ADPtestHS), arachidonic acid (ASPItest), and collagen (COLtest). SIRS cases had significantly lower platelet counts in KEDTA blood ( < 0.0001) compared to control horses. There were no significant differences in aggregation values between SIRS cases and controls. Non-surviving SIRS horses did not have statistically significant lower platelet counts or lower aggregation values for COLtest, ADPtest, or ADPtestHS compared to surviving SIRS horses, although 5 non-survivors were thrombocytopenic.
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Publication Date: 2020-12-22 PubMed ID: 33353486PubMed Central: PMC7944423DOI: 10.1177/1040638720983791Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article studies platelet activity in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and notes a significant drop in platelet numbers in affected horses. However, no noteworthy changes in aggregation or increased mortality rate among stricken horses lacking in platelet or aggregation metrics were found.

Methodology

  • The study was designed as a prospective controlled study, with the test subjects being horses diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The control group consisted of healthy, non-SIRS horses.
  • Several variables including platelet count, large platelet count, clumps, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, and mean platelet component concentration were evaluated using laser flow cytometry.
  • Both KEDTA and citrate blood samples were used to better understand the platelet biology.
  • The researchers also added a variety of platelet-aggregating substances (aggregation by four different agonists: adenosine diphosphate (ADPtest), ADP + prostaglandin E1 (ADPtestHS), arachidonic acid (ASPItest), and collagen (COLtest)) to the blood samples to evaluate platelet reaction and aggregation.
  • The study also considered the survival rate among SIRS affected horses in relation to their platelet count and aggregation values.

Findings

  • The most significant finding was a dramatic reduction in platelet count when it came to SIRS diagnosed horses compared to the healthy control subjects.
  • Despite the low count, the study found no significant change in the platelet aggregation properties in SIRS diagnosed horses, even after adding aggregating substances to the blood samples.
  • Furthermore, no significant difference was found in terms of survival rate between horses with a lower than average platelet count or degradation values and those with standard values.

Conclusion

  • The study thus suggests that while SIRS can bring about a marked decrease in the platelet count in horses, it does not significantly affect platelet aggregation nor does a low platelet count indicate higher risk of mortality.
  • The count and aggregation capabilities of platelets in this context, therefore, might not serve as reliable markers of disease severity or prognosis.
  • This research contributes to better understanding how systemic inflammation affects different biological parameters, and can guide further exploration into the mechanisms and consequences of these changes.

Cite This Article

APA
Ehrmann C, Engel J, Moritz A, Roscher K. (2020). Assessment of platelet biology in equine patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Diagn Invest, 33(2), 300-307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720983791

Publication

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
ISSN: 1943-4936
NlmUniqueID: 9011490
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 300-307

Researcher Affiliations

Ehrmann, Carolin
  • Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Engel, Julia
  • Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Moritz, Andreas
  • Clinical Pathophysiology and Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Roscher, Katja
  • Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Platelets / physiology
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Female
  • Germany
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Platelet Aggregation
  • Platelet Count / veterinary
  • Prospective Studies
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / blood
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / physiopathology
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

Material for the testing of platelet function with the Multiplate analyzer (Roche) was partly provided free of charge from the former manufacturer Dynabyte. This company had no influence on the design of the study; the collection, management, analysis or interpretation of the data; or the preparation of the manuscript. None of the authors of this manuscript has a financial or personal relationship with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the manuscript.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Xiao G, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Wu T, Shi W, Gan L, Liu X, Huang Y, Lv M, Zhao Y, Wu P, Zhong L, He J. Platelets for cancer treatment and drug delivery. Clin Transl Oncol 2022 Jul;24(7):1231-1237.
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  2. Theuerkauf K, Obach-Schröck C, Staszyk C, Moritz A, Roscher KA. Activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregates in the equine systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022 May;34(3):448-457.
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  3. Davias C, Mendoza FJ, De Las Heras A, Gonzalez-De-Cara C, Buzon-Cuevas A, Perez-Ecija A. Hematologic Ratios in Donkeys: Reference Intervals and Response to Experimentally Induced Endotoxemia. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 4;15(15).
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