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Veterinary clinical pathology2022; 51(1); 57-64; doi: 10.1111/vcp.13055

Assessment of thrombin generation in horses using a calibrated automated thrombogram.

Abstract: The amount of thrombin generated reflects the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), which depends on the balance of pro- and anticoagulant factors. The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) allows for the direct measurement of thrombin generation during the clotting process. Objective: (1) To describe the results of the CAT assay in horses, (2) to establish intra-assay and intra- and interindividual variation of thrombin generation in healthy horses, and (3) to compare in vitro low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) sensitivity between healthy and sick horses. The hypothesis for the last objective is that inhibition of thrombin generation in sick horses requires higher heparin concentrations. Methods: The plasma of 10 healthy mixed breed horses was used for the determination of normal thrombin generation parameters (lag time, time to peak, peak thrombin concentration, and ETP). Five of the healthy horses were compared with five horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In vitro heparin sensitivity was determined using LMWH. Results: The intra-assay variation was small (<5%) for all parameters. Relatively large intra- and interindividual variation were observed in healthy horses. Four of the five sick horses with SIRS had a thrombogram compatible with a hypercoagulable state. The in vitro heparin sensitivity test suggested decreased sensitivity to LMWH in hypercoagulable states. Conclusions: The CAT assay could detect coagulopathy in horses. In vivo experiments are needed to confirm that it can be used to monitor responses to LMWH therapy.
© 2022 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-09 PubMed ID: 35141924DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13055Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The article discusses a study conducted to assess thrombin generation in horses using a method known as the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT). The main objectives of the study were to understand the results of the CAT assay, explore the variations of thrombin generation, and to compare responses to a specific anticoagulant in healthy versus sick horses. The results indicate that the CAT assay can identify disorders related to blood clotting in horses, but more research is required to verify its application in therapeutic monitoring.

Overview of the Study

  • The study revolved around an element named thrombin which plays an essential role in the blood clotting process.
  • The generation of thrombin indicates the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) which is affected by a balance of factors that either promote or hinder the blood clotting process.
  • The researchers utilized the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) to measure thrombin generation. This method provides a direct measurement during the clotting process.

Objectives of the Study

  • The study aimed to describe and understand the results obtained from the CAT assay on horses.
  • The researchers wanted to understand the variations in thrombin generation between different healthy horses, and also within the same horse at different points in time.
  • The study also compared the response to a specific anticoagulant, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), between healthy and ill horses. The authors hypothesized that inhibiting thrombin generation in sick horses might require higher concentrations of heparin.

Methodology and Results

  • The plasma of 10 healthy mixed breed horses was used for determining normal parameters of thrombin generation. Some of the parameters include lag time, time to peak, peak thrombin concentration, and ETP. Five of these healthy horses were also compared to five horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
  • The sensitivity to heparin was determined using LMWH. SME authors noted relatively large variations in thrombin generation both between different healthy horses and within the same horse over time. However, the inconsistency within a given assay was low.
  • Four out of the five sick horses exhibited a hypercoagulable state, indicating high clotting activity and therefore low sensitivity to LMWH.

Conclusions and Further Research

  • The study concludes that the CAT assay could detect coagulation disorders in horses effectively.
  • Despite the promising findings, the authors also emphasize the need for further in vivo experiments to confirm that the CAT assay could also be useful in monitoring how horses respond to LMWH therapy.

Cite This Article

APA
Leclere M, Chevalier Z, Dubuc V, Beauchamp G, Bédard C. (2022). Assessment of thrombin generation in horses using a calibrated automated thrombogram. Vet Clin Pathol, 51(1), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.13055

Publication

Veterinary clinical pathology
ISSN: 1939-165X
NlmUniqueID: 9880575
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 51
Issue: 1
Pages: 57-64

Researcher Affiliations

Leclere, Mathilde
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Chevalier, Zoé
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Dubuc, Valérie
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Beauchamp, Guy
  • Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Bédard, Christian
  • Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anticoagulants / pharmacology
  • Anticoagulants / therapeutic use
  • Blood Coagulation Tests / veterinary
  • Heparin / pharmacology
  • Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight
  • Horses
  • Thrombin

Grant Funding

  • Equine Health Fund from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Universitede Montreal, supported by Zoetis

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