Association of two newly recognized herpesviruses with interstitial pneumonia in donkeys (Equus asinus).
Abstract: Over a period of 6 years, antemortem and postmortem examinations were performed on a number of donkeys suffering from respiratory disease. For many cases, initial diagnostic efforts failed to identify an etiology consistent with the pathologic findings. However, retrospective examination of these cases using consensus primer polymerase chain reaction, designed to recognize herpesviruses from all 3 subfamilies of the Herpesviridae, amplified a fragment of the highly conserved herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene from a number of these animals. Two novel herpesviruses, herein designated asinine herpesvirus 4 (AHV4) and asinine herpesvirus 5 (AHV5), were consistently detected in lung tissue from donkeys in which the histopathology was characterized by interstitial pneumonia and marked syncytial cell formation but not in lung tissue from donkeys with evidence of bacterial or verminous pneumonia. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis places these new viruses within the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily and indicates that they are most closely related to the recently identified zebra herpesvirus and wildass herpesvirus as well as equine herpesviruses 2 and 5.
Publication Date: 2002-08-03 PubMed ID: 12152805DOI: 10.1177/104063870201400401Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research article discusses the identification of two new herpesviruses, asinine herpesvirus 4 and 5, that were consistently found in the lung tissue of donkeys suffering from a specific type of respiratory disease known as interstitial pneumonia.
Study Methodology
- Over a six-year period, scientists conducted both antemortem (while the subject is alive) and postmortem (after death) exams on a number of donkeys suffering from respiratory illness.
- They used a technique called consensus primer polymerase chain reaction, which is designed to identify herpesviruses within the three subfamilies of the Herpesviridae family.
- Through this method, they amplified a fragment of the DNA polymerase gene, a characteristic consistent with herpesvirus, from several of the afflicted animals.
Research Findings
- The research found two new herpesviruses, which they named asinine herpesvirus 4 (AHV4) and asinine herpesvirus 5 (AHV5).
- These viruses were consistently present in the lung tissue of donkeys showing symptoms of interstitial pneumonia, a type of lung inflammation causing difficulty in breathing, and significant syncytial cell formation, a process in which cells merge to form a larger cell.
- Interestingly, these viruses were not found in lung tissue from donkeys suffering from bacterial or verminous pneumonia, indicating a potential specificity of the viruses to certain types of pneumonia.
Virus Classification and Relatedness
- The team also conducted nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis to identify these viruses’ places within the larger viral family tree.
- The analysis showed the new viruses fall within the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, meaning their characteristics are similar to those of other viruses in this subfamily.
- Furthermore, their closest relatives appear to be the recently identified zebra herpesvirus, wildass herpesvirus, and equine herpesviruses 2 and 5, highlighting a potential common lineage or closely related sequence evolution.
Cite This Article
APA
Kleiboeker SB, Schommer SK, Johnson PJ, Ehlers B, Turnquist SE, Boucher M, Kreeger JM.
(2002).
Association of two newly recognized herpesviruses with interstitial pneumonia in donkeys (Equus asinus).
J Vet Diagn Invest, 14(4), 273-280.
https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870201400401 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia 65211, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Autopsy / veterinary
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Viral / analysis
- Equidae / virology
- Gammaherpesvirinae / genetics
- Gammaherpesvirinae / pathogenicity
- Herpesviridae Infections / diagnosis
- Herpesviridae Infections / genetics
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial / veterinary
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial / virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 17 times.- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1.. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
- Maboni G, Kelly EJ, Clancy CS, De Luca E, Baldwin TJ, Van Wettere AJ, Kane AJ, Peterson S, Warr VG, Bastian DA, Sanchez S. Detection of asinine gammaherpesviruses in association with pulmonary fibrosis in free-ranging donkeys.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022 Jan;34(1):167-171.
- Scheurer L, Bachofen C, Hardmeier I, Lechmann J, Schoster A. Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses.. Viruses 2021 Aug 25;13(9).
- Mira F, Canuti M, Di Bella S, Puleio R, Lavazza A, Lelli D, Vicari D, Purpari G, Cannella V, Chiaramonte G, Schirò G, Castronovo C, Guercio A. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Two Gammaherpesviruses from Pantesco Breed Donkeys during an Outbreak of Mild Respiratory Disease.. Viruses 2021 Aug 2;13(8).
- Câmara RJF, Bueno BL, Resende CF, Balasuriya UBR, Sakamoto SM, Reis JKPD. Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 25;10(12).
- Martella V, Lanave G, Camero M, Larocca V, Lorusso E, Catella C, Capozza P, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia C. Identification of a Novel α-herpesvirus Associated with Ulcerative Stomatitis in Donkeys.. Emerg Infect Dis 2020 Dec;26(12):3044-3047.
- Jerele S, Davis E, Mapes S, Pusterla N, Navas González FJ, Iglesias Pastrana C, Abdelfattah EM, McLean A. Survey of Serum Amyloid A and Bacterial and Viral Frequency Using qPCR Levels in Recently Captured Feral Donkeys from Death Valley National Park (California).. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jun 23;10(6).
- Marenzoni ML, Stefanetti V, Danzetta ML, Timoney PJ. Gammaherpesvirus infections in equids: a review.. Vet Med (Auckl) 2015;6:91-101.
- Seeber PA, Quintard B, Sicks F, Dehnhard M, Greenwood AD, Franz M. Environmental stressors may cause equine herpesvirus reactivation in captive Grévy's zebras (Equus grevyi).. PeerJ 2018;6:e5422.
- Costantini D, Seeber PA, Soilemetzidou SE, Azab W, Bohner J, Buuveibaatar B, Czirják GÁ, East ML, Greunz EM, Kaczensky P, Lamglait B, Melzheimer J, Uiseb K, Ortega A, Osterrieder N, Sandgreen DM, Simon M, Walzer C, Greenwood AD. Physiological costs of infection: herpesvirus replication is linked to blood oxidative stress in equids.. Sci Rep 2018 Jul 9;8(1):10347.
- LeCuyer TE, Rink A, Bradway DS, Evermann JF, Nicola AV, Baszler T, Haldorson GJ. Abortion in a Mediterranean miniature donkey (Equus asinus) associated with a gammaherpesvirus similar to Equid herpesvirus 7.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015 Nov;27(6):749-53.
- Folcik VA, Garofalo M, Coleman J, Donegan JJ, Rabbani E, Suster S, Nuovo A, Magro CM, Di Leva G, Nuovo GJ. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is strongly associated with productive infection by herpesvirus saimiri.. Mod Pathol 2014 Jun;27(6):851-62.
- Williams KJ, Robinson NE, Lim A, Brandenberger C, Maes R, Behan A, Bolin SR. Experimental induction of pulmonary fibrosis in horses with the gammaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus 5.. PLoS One 2013;8(10):e77754.
- Venn-Watson S, Benham C, Gulland FM, Smith CR, St Leger J, Yochem P, Nollens H, Blas-Machado U, Saliki J, Colegrove K, Wellehan JF Jr, Rivera R. Clinical relevance of novel Otarine herpesvirus-3 in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): lymphoma, esophageal ulcers, and strandings.. Vet Res 2012 Dec 12;43(1):85.
- Back H, Kendall A, Grandón R, Ullman K, Treiberg-Berndtsson L, Ståhl K, Pringle J. Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in association with asinine herpesvirus type 5 and equine herpesvirus type 5: a case report.. Acta Vet Scand 2012 Sep 25;54(1):57.
- Marenzoni ML, Coppola G, Maranesi M, Passamonti F, Cappelli K, Capomaccio S, Verini Supplizi A, Thiry E, Coletti M. Age-dependent prevalence of equid herpesvirus 5 infection.. Vet Res Commun 2010 Dec;34(8):703-8.
- Vannella KM, Moore BB. Viruses as co-factors for the initiation or exacerbation of lung fibrosis.. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2008 Oct 13;1(1):2.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
