Associations of horse age, joint type, and osteochondral injury with serum and synovial fluid concentrations of type II collagen biomarkers in Thoroughbreds.
Abstract: To determine the effects of horse age, osteochondral injury, and joint type on a synthesis biomarker and 3 degradative biomarkers of type II collagen in Thoroughbreds. Methods: Healthy rested adult (3- to 12-year-old) Thoroughbreds (n = 19), yearling (1- to 2-year-old) Thoroughbreds (40), and Thoroughbred racehorses (2 to 7 years old) undergoing arthroscopic surgery for removal of osteochondral fragments that resulted from training or racing (41). Methods: Samples of blood and metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, or carpal joint synovial fluid (SF) were collected from all horses. Commercially available assays were used to analyze SF and serum concentrations of type II collagen biomarkers of synthesis (carboxy propeptide of type II collagen [CPII]) and degradation (cross-linked C-telopeptide fragments of type II collagen [CTX II], neoepitope generated by collagenase cleavage of type I and II collagen [C1,2C], and neoepitope generated by collagenase cleavage of type II collagen [C2C]). Results: Osteochondral injury affected concentrations of CPII, CTX II, C1,2C, and C2C in SF, serum, or both, compared with concentrations in healthy adult horses. Compared with adult horses, yearling horses had increased SF or serum concentrations of degradative biomarkers (CTX II, C1,2C, and C2C). Concentrations were higher in carpal than metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints for all biomarkers in osteochondral-injured horses. Variable differences in SF concentrations between joint types were detected in healthy adult and yearling horses. Conclusions: Horse age, osteochondral injury, and joint type all significantly affected type II collagen biomarker concentrations in SF and serum of Thoroughbreds.
Publication Date: 2010-07-03 PubMed ID: 20594075DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.7.741Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study investigates the effects of age, osteochondral injury, and joint type on type II collagen biomarkers in Thoroughbred racehorses. The research revealed significant variations of these biomarkers in blood and synovial fluid across different age groups, injuries and joint types.
Research Methodology
- The study involved three categories of Thoroughbred horses: healthy adults (3-12 years old, 19 horses), yearlings (1-2 years old, 40 horses), and those undergoing arthroscopic surgery for osteochondral fragment removal due to training or racing injuries (2-7 years old, 41 horses).
- Blood and synovial fluid samples were taken from all horses, focusing on the metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, or carpal joints.
- The samples were analyzed using commercial assays to measure concentrations of type II collagen biomarkers. These included a synthesis biomarker, carboxy propeptide of type II collagen (CPII), and three degradative biomarkers: cross-linked C-telopeptide fragments of type II collagen (CTX II), neoepitopes created by collagenase cleavage of type I and II collagen (C1,2C), and neoepitopes created by collagenase cleavage of type II collagen (C2C).
Research Findings
- In horses with osteochondral injury, concentrations of all the biomarkers (CPII, CTX II, C1,2C, C2C) were affected in either the synovial fluid, the serum, or both, in comparison with healthy adult horses.
- Yearling horses had higher concentrations of degradative biomarkers (CTX II, C1,2C, and C2C) in synovial fluid or serum compared to adult horses.
- Injured horses had higher concentrations of all biomarkers in carpal joints compared to metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints.
- The type of joint impacted the concentrations of these biomarkers in synovial fluid with variable differences detected in healthy adult and yearling Thoroughbreds.
Conclusion
The researchers concluded that age, osteochondral injury, and joint type significantly affect the concentration of biomarkers related to type II collagen synthesis and degradation in Thoroughbred horses. This information may prove useful for veterinarians and those in the equine industry for the monitoring and management of joint health in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Nicholson AM, Trumble TN, Merritt KA, Brown MP.
(2010).
Associations of horse age, joint type, and osteochondral injury with serum and synovial fluid concentrations of type II collagen biomarkers in Thoroughbreds.
Am J Vet Res, 71(7), 741-749.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.71.7.741 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Aging / physiology
- Animals
- Biomarkers / blood
- Biomarkers / metabolism
- Collagen / metabolism
- Collagenases / metabolism
- Female
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses / growth & development
- Horses / injuries
- Horses / metabolism
- Joints / injuries
- Joints / metabolism
- Lameness, Animal / metabolism
- Male
- Osteochondritis / blood
- Osteochondritis / diagnostic imaging
- Osteochondritis / metabolism
- Osteochondritis / veterinary
- Peptide Fragments / metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Radiography
- Reference Values
- Synovial Fluid / physiology
- Wounds and Injuries / blood
- Wounds and Injuries / diagnostic imaging
- Wounds and Injuries / physiopathology
- Wounds and Injuries / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Logan AA, Nielsen BD, Hiney KM, Robison CI, Manfredi JM, Buskirk DD, Popovich JM Jr. The Impact of Circular Exercise Diameter on Bone and Joint Health of Juvenile Animals. Animals (Basel) 2022 May 27;12(11).
- Mobasheri A, Trumble TN, Byron CR. Editorial: One Step at a Time: Advances in Osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:727477.
- Pritchard A, Nielsen BD, Robison C, Manfredi JM. Low dietary silicon supplementation may not affect bone and cartilage in mature, sedentary horses. J Anim Sci 2020 Dec 1;98(12).
- Much ML, Leatherwood JL, Martinez RE, Silvers BL, Basta CF, Gray LF, Bradbery AN. Evaluation of an oral joint supplement on gait kinematics and biomarkers of cartilage metabolism and inflammation in mature riding horses. Transl Anim Sci 2020 Jul;4(3):txaa150.
- Niemelä TM, Tulamo RM, Carmona JU, López C. Evaluation of the effect of experimentally induced cartilage defect and intra-articular hyaluronan on synovial fluid biomarkers in intercarpal joints of horses. Acta Vet Scand 2019 May 30;61(1):24.
- Turlo AJ, Cywinska A, Frisbie DD. Revisiting predictive biomarkers of musculoskeletal injury in thoroughbred racehorses: longitudinal study in polish population. BMC Vet Res 2019 Feb 26;15(1):66.
- Niemelä TM, Tulamo RM, Aaltonen K, Sankari SM, Hielm-Björkman AK. Changes in biomarkers in equine synovial fluid two weeks after intra-articular hyaluronan treatment: a randomised double-blind clinical trial. BMC Vet Res 2018 Jun 15;14(1):186.
- Bertuglia A, Pagliara E, Grego E, Ricci A, Brkljaca-Bottegaro N. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and structural biomarkers are effective to categorize osteoarthritis phenotype and progression in Standardbred racehorses over five years of racing career. BMC Vet Res 2016 Nov 8;12(1):246.
- Yarmola EG, Shah Y, Arnold DP, Dobson J, Allen KD. Magnetic Capture of a Molecular Biomarker from Synovial Fluid in a Rat Model of Knee Osteoarthritis. Ann Biomed Eng 2016 Apr;44(4):1159-69.
- Haslauer CM, Elsaid KA, Fleming BC, Proffen BL, Johnson VM, Murray MM. Loss of extracellular matrix from articular cartilage is mediated by the synovium and ligament after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013 Dec;21(12):1950-7.
- Bertuglia A, Pallante M, Pagliara E, Valle D, Bergamini L, Bollo E, Bullone M, Riccio B. Determinants of joint effusion in tarsocrural osteochondrosis of yearling Standardbred horses. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1389798.
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