FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Atrial Premature Depolarization-Induced Changes in QRS and T...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2016; 30(4); 1253-1259; doi: 10.1111/jvim.13957

Atrial Premature Depolarization-Induced Changes in QRS and T Wave Morphology on Resting Electrocardiograms in Horses.

Abstract: The electrocardiographic differentiation between atrial (APDs) and ventricular (VPDs) premature depolarizations is important. P wave prematurity and normal QRS and T wave morphology generally are used as discriminating criteria for APDs. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether P, Q, R, S, and T wave amplitude, PQ interval, QRS and P wave duration and P and T wave morphology differ between APDs and sinus beats. To determine the relationship between the RR coupling interval and the change in S wave amplitude between sinus beats and APDs. Methods: Case-control study. From a modified base-apex configuration of 30 horses with APDs at rest, sinus beat and APD associated preceding RR interval, P, PQ and QRS duration and P, R, S, and T wave amplitudes were measured. Linear mixed models and logistic regression were used to determine the effect of APDs on the ECG variables studied. Results: In comparison to sinus beats, APDs were associated with a significant (P < .001) change in P amplitude (-0.03 ± 0.01 mV) and increase in S (0.20 ± 0.02 mV) and T (0.08 ± 0.03 mV) amplitude. PQ (-20.3 ± 5.2 ms) and RR (-519 ± 14 ms) interval and P duration (-21.1 ± 3.0 ms) decreased (P < .001). APDs were significantly associated with a singular positive P wave (OR: 11.0, P < .001) and were more likely to have a monophasic positive T wave (OR: 9.2, P < .001). A smaller RR coupling interval was associated with an increased relative difference in S amplitude (P < .01). Conclusions: Atrial premature depolarizations may lead to changes in QRS and T wave morphology. Knowledge of these changes is important to avoid interpreting certain APDs as VPDs.
Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2016-05-21 PubMed ID: 27209267PubMed Central: PMC5089572DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13957Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigated how atrial premature depolarizations (APDs), compared to regular sinus beats, affect different aspects of cardiac electrical activity in horses. The study found that APDs are associated with significant changes in the amplitude, duration, and morphology of several electrocardiogram (ECG) waves and intervals.

Objectives and Methods

  • The primary objective of the research was to identify whether and how APDs impact the amplitude, duration, and morphology of P, Q, R, S, T wave and PQ interval, QRS duration in equine ECGs. The researchers also aimed to explore the relationship between RR coupling intervals and changes in the S wave amplitude following APDs.
  • A case-control study methodology was used for this investigation. Thirty horses with observable APDs during resting states were selected, and various elements of their ECGs were measured.
  • Statistical tools such as linear mixed models and logistic regression were employed to determine the effect of APDs on the ECG variables.

Results

  • The analysis revealed that APDs cause significant changes in several ECG waves and intervals when compared to sinus beats. P wave amplitude showed a significant decrease, while S and T wave amplitudes increased.
  • PQ and RR intervals and P duration appeared to decrease substantially with APDs.
  • In terms of wave morphology, APDs were found to be highly associated with a singularly positive P wave and more likely to show a monophasic positive T wave.
  • A smaller RR coupling interval showed a correlation with an increased relative difference in S wave amplitude.

Conclusion and Implications

  • The conclusion of the study indicated that atrial premature depolarizations may result in changes in QRS and T wave morphology. Recognizing these changes is crucial to prevent misinterpretations, particularly with the risk of mistaking some APDs for ventricular premature depolarizations.
  • In essence, this study enhances the understanding of the impact of APDs on horses’ cardiac electrical activities. The new knowledge can lead to improved diagnostic accuracy and better management of cardiac conditions in veterinary medicine. For future studies, the implications and consequences of these electrocardiographic changes can be further investigated.

Cite This Article

APA
Broux B, De Clercq D, Decloedt A, Van Der Vekens N, Verheyen T, Ven S, Pardon B, van Loon G. (2016). Atrial Premature Depolarization-Induced Changes in QRS and T Wave Morphology on Resting Electrocardiograms in Horses. J Vet Intern Med, 30(4), 1253-1259. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13957

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 1253-1259

Researcher Affiliations

Broux, B
  • Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
De Clercq, D
  • Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Decloedt, A
  • Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Van Der Vekens, N
  • Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Verheyen, T
  • Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Ven, S
  • Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Pardon, B
  • Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
van Loon, G
  • Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Atrial Premature Complexes / diagnosis
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Electrocardiography / veterinary
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horses
  • Male

References

This article includes 17 references
  1. Reef VB, Marr CM. Dysrhythmias: Assesment and medical management. In: Bowen MI, Marr CM, eds. Cardiology of the Horse. Edinburgh: Elsevier Limited; 2010:159–178.
  2. Reef VB, Bonagura J, Buhl R, McGurrin MK, Schwarzwald CC, van Loon G, Young LE. Recommendations for management of equine athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities.. J Vet Intern Med 2014 May-Jun;28(3):749-61.
    pmc: PMC4895474pubmed: 24628586doi: 10.1111/jvim.12340google scholar: lookup
  3. Hilwig RW. Cardiac Arrhythmias in the horse.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977 Jan 15;170(2):153-63.
    pubmed: 64466
  4. Young L. Diseases of the heart and vessels. In: Hinchcliff KW, Kaneps AJ, Geor RJ, eds. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery—Basic and Clinical Sciences of the Equine Athlete. Edinburgh: Elsevier Limited; 2004:728–767.
  5. Ryan N, Marr CM, McGladdery AJ. Survey of cardiac arrhythmias during submaximal and maximal exercise in Thoroughbred racehorses.. Equine Vet J 2005 May;37(3):265-8.
    pubmed: 15892238doi: 10.2746/0425164054530713google scholar: lookup
  6. Young L, van Loon G. Diseases of the heart and vessels. In: Hinchcliff KW, Kaneps AJ, Geor RJ, eds. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery: Basic and Clinical Sciences of Equine Athlete, 2nd ed St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:695–744.
  7. van Loon G. Procedures and techniques: Electrocardiography. In: Wilson DA, ed. Clinical Veterinary Advisor: The Horse. St. Louis, MI: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:716–718.
  8. Verheyen T, Decloedt D, De Clercq D. Electrocardiography in horses—part 1: How to make a good recording. Vlaams Diergen Tijds 2010;79:331–336.
  9. Miller PJ, Holmes JR. Beat-to-beat variability in QRS potentials recorded with an orthogonal lead system in horses with second degree partial A-V block.. Res Vet Sci 1984 Nov;37(3):334-8.
    pubmed: 6522827
  10. Verheyen T, Decloedt A, De Clercq D. Electrocardiography in horses—part 2: How to read the equine ECG. Vlaams Diergen Tijds 2010;79:337–344.
  11. Muylle E, Oyaert W. Atrial activation pathways and the P wave in the horse.. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1975 Aug;22(6):474-84.
    pubmed: 811016doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1975.tb01454.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  12. Durando M. Exercise and stress testing. In: Bowen MI, Marr CM, eds. Cardiology of the Horse. Edinburgh: Elsevier Limited; 2010:139–149.
  13. Senta T, Smetzer DL, Smith CR. Effects of exercise on certain electrocardiographic parameters and cardiac arrhythmias in the horse. A radiotelemetric study.. Cornell Vet 1970 Oct;60(4):552-69.
    pubmed: 5481578
  14. BRODY DA. A theoretical analysis of intracavitary blood mass influence on the heart-lead relationship.. Circ Res 1956 Nov;4(6):731-8.
    pubmed: 13365085doi: 10.1161/01.res.4.6.731google scholar: lookup
  15. van Oosterom A, Plonsey R. The Brody effect revisited.. J Electrocardiol 1991 Oct;24(4):339-48.
    pubmed: 1744546doi: 10.1016/0022-0736(91)90016-fgoogle scholar: lookup
  16. Miller JC, Horvath SM. Impedance cardiography.. Psychophysiology 1978 Jan;15(1):80-91.
    pubmed: 625525doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01340.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  17. Sherwood A, Allen MT, Fahrenberg J, Kelsey RM, Lovallo WR, van Doornen LJ. Methodological guidelines for impedance cardiography.. Psychophysiology 1990 Jan;27(1):1-23.
    pubmed: 2187214doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb02171.xgoogle scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Biondi V, Landi A, Pugliese M, Merola G, Passantino A. Inflammatory Response and Electrocardiographic Examination in Horses Vaccinated against Equine Herpesvirus (Ehv-1).. Animals (Basel) 2022 Mar 19;12(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12060778pubmed: 35327175google scholar: lookup
  2. Nath LC, Elliott AD, Weir J, Curl P, Rosanowski SM, Franklin S. Incidence, recurrence, and outcome of postrace atrial fibrillation in Thoroughbred horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Mar;35(2):1111-1120.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16063pubmed: 33604980google scholar: lookup
  3. Li M, Chadda KR, Matthews GDK, Marr CM, Huang CL, Jeevaratnam K. Cardiac electrophysiological adaptations in the equine athlete-Restitution analysis of electrocardiographic features.. PLoS One 2018;13(3):e0194008.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194008pubmed: 29522557google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.