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Equine veterinary journal2019; 52(1); 46-51; doi: 10.1111/evj.13115

Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to diagnose osteoarthritis in equine serum.

Abstract: Reliable and validated biomarkers for osteoarthritis (OA) are currently lacking. Objective: To develop an accurate and minimally invasive method to assess OA-affected horses and provide potential spectral markers indicative of disease. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study. Methods: Our cohort consisted of 15 horses with OA and 48 without clinical signs of the disease, which were used as controls. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate serum samples (50 μL) collected from these horses. Spectral processing and multivariate analysis revealed differences and similarities, allowing for detection of spectral biomarkers that discriminated between the two cohorts. A supervised classification algorithm, namely principal component analysis coupled with quadratic discriminant analysis (PCA-QDA), was applied to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Results: Segregation between the two different cohorts, OA-affected and controls, was achieved with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The six most discriminatory peaks were attributed to proteins and lipids. Four of the spectral peaks were elevated in OA horses, which could be potentially due to an increase in lipids, protein expression levels and collagen, all of which have been previously reported in OA. Two peaks were found decreased and were tentatively assigned to the reduction of proteoglycan content that is observed during OA. Conclusions: The control group had a wide range of ages and breeds. Presymptomatic OA cases were not included. Therefore, it remains unknown whether this test could also be used as an early diagnostic tool. Conclusions: This spectrochemical approach could provide an accurate and cost-effective blood test, facilitating point-of-care diagnosis of equine OA.
© 2019 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2019-04-17 PubMed ID: 30900769DOI: 10.1111/evj.13115Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Observational Study
  • Veterinary

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study proposes a new, non-invasive approach for diagnosing osteoarthritis in horses using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy on serum samples. The test showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in identifying osteoarthritis in a sample group.

Research Objectives and Methods

  • The goal of this research was to create a minimally invasive, accurate method of diagnosing osteoarthritis (OA) in horses. The researchers were similarly interested in finding spectral markers indicative of the disease.
  • A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a cohort of 15 horses showing symptoms of OA and a control group of 48 horses showing no clinical signs of OA. Blood serum samples were collected and analysed.
  • The main method employed here was Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy. Through this technique, a detailed absorption spectrum of the sample can be obtained, showing the presence and quantities of various substances.
  • Once the spectral data was processed and analysed using multivariate analysis, discernible patterns and differences were identified. Definite spectral biomarkers emerged, clearly distinguishing between the OA-affected and healthy horses.
  • A supervised classification algorithm, Principal Component Analysis coupled with Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (PCA-QDA), validated the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers. This statistical method helped to identify the most relevant spectral data for separations and classifications.

Results

  • The study successfully segregated sickness-affected and healthy horses with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test. Here, sensitivity is the true positive rate, and specificity indicates the true negative rate. Therefore, the test did not yield any false positive or false negative.
  • Among the spectral peaks analysed, six were found to be the most discriminatory. These peaks belonged to proteins and lipids.
  • Increased spectral peaks in OA horses were associated with an increase in lipid and protein expressions and potentially collagen. All these increases are known characteristics of OA.
  • Two spectral peaks indicated a decrease in proteoglycan content, another known characteristic of OA.

Conclusions

  • While promising, this approach had several limitations. The control group included a wide variety of horse ages and breeds, and the study did not consider presymptomatic OA cases. Thus, its efficacy as an early diagnostic tool is uncertain.
  • Despite these limitations, the results suggest that this spectrochemical approach could provide a fast, cost-effective, and accurate blood test for diagnosing equine OA, facilitating point-of-care diagnosis.

Cite This Article

APA
Paraskevaidi M, Hook PD, Morais CLM, Anderson JR, White R, Martin-Hirsch PL, Peffers MJ, Martin FL. (2019). Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to diagnose osteoarthritis in equine serum. Equine Vet J, 52(1), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13115

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 1
Pages: 46-51

Researcher Affiliations

Paraskevaidi, M
  • School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
Hook, P D
  • Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
Morais, C L M
  • School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
Anderson, J R
  • Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
White, R
  • Myerscough College, Preston, UK.
Martin-Hirsch, P L
  • Sharoe Green Unit, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation, Preston, UK.
Peffers, M J
  • Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Martin, F L
  • School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horses
  • Osteoarthritis / blood
  • Osteoarthritis / diagnosis
  • Osteoarthritis / veterinary
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / methods
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / veterinary

Grant Funding

  • MR/P020941/1 / Medical Research Council
  • Rosemere Cancer Foundation
  • CAPES_Brazil
  • Wellcome Trust Clinical Intermediate Fellowship

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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    doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00778pubmed: 40446114google scholar: lookup
  2. Panizzi L, Vignes M, Dittmer KE, Waterland MR, Rogers CW, Sano H, McIlwraith CW, Pemberton S, Owen M, Riley CB. Infrared spectroscopy of serum fails to identify early biomarker changes in an equine model of traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil Open 2022 Dec;4(4):100297.
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