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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Autoimmune diseases affecting skin melanocytes in dogs, cats...
BMC veterinary research2019; 15(1); 251; doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2003-9

Autoimmune diseases affecting skin melanocytes in dogs, cats and horses: vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome: a comprehensive review.

Abstract: Autoimmune dermatoses targeting melanocytes have gained attention in human medicine due to their progressive nature and the social impact suffered by affected individuals. In veterinary medicine, vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome are the two autoimmune diseases that are known to affect skin melanocytes.In the first part of this article, we will review the signalment, clinical signs, histopathology and the treatment outcome of vitiligo in dogs, cats and horses; where pertinent, we compare the animal diseases to their human homologue. In a similar fashion, the information on the uveodermatological syndrome in dogs is reviewed and, where relevant, it is compared to the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in humans.Canine, feline and equine vitiligo have many features that mirror their human counterparts. The most effective treatment and outcome of vitiligo in animals remain unclear. The canine uveodermatological syndrome resembles the incomplete VKH variant in humans; for affected individuals, an immediate diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial to prevent the development of blindness.
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Publication Date: 2019-07-19 PubMed ID: 31324191PubMed Central: PMC6639964DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2003-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents a comprehensive review of autoimmune diseases affecting skin melanocytes, specifically vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome, in dogs, cats, and horses. The researchers compared these animal diseases to their equivalent conditions in human.

Skin Melanocyte Autoimmune Diseases in Animals

  • The researchers focused on two specific disease conditions – vitiligo and uveodermatological syndrome – that target skin melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation, in dogs, cats, and horses.
  • They conducted an in-depth review of existing studies and literature about these diseases.
  • Their research covers a number of aspects such as the age, gender, breed (also known as signalment), clinical signs, pathological changes at a microscopic level (histopathology), and outcomes of treatment of these diseases.
  • The study presents a detailed comparison of these animal diseases and their corresponding variants in humans.

Vitiligo in Animals

  • Vitiligo is a disease condition that results in the loss of pigment in certain areas of the skin, causing white or pale patches.
  • In humans and animals alike, vitiligo possesses several similar characteristics such as the unpredictability of pigment loss, the varying extent of the condition, and the progressive nature of the disease. These observations support the researchers’ comparative approach.
  • However, the study reveals that the best course of treatment and the potential outcome of vitiligo in animals is yet to be determined or remains unclear based on current data.

Uveodermatological Syndrome in Dogs

  • The researchers explore another autoimmune condition known as the uveodermatological syndrome, which is observed in dogs and akin to the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in humans.
  • It is considered a more severe condition than vitiligo, as it affects the uvea, part of the eye, leading to inflammation and potential blindness. It also results in dermatological symptoms consistent with vitiligo.
  • The researchers stress the importance of immediate diagnosis and aggressive treatment for managing this disease, as delayed intervention can result in irreversible vision loss.

Cite This Article

APA
Tham HL, Linder KE, Olivry T. (2019). Autoimmune diseases affecting skin melanocytes in dogs, cats and horses: vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome: a comprehensive review. BMC Vet Res, 15(1), 251. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2003-9

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 251
PII: 251

Researcher Affiliations

Tham, Heng L
  • Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Linder, Keith E
  • Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
  • Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Olivry, Thierry
  • Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. tolivry@ncsu.edu.
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. tolivry@ncsu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animal Diseases / diagnosis
  • Animal Diseases / etiology
  • Animal Diseases / therapy
  • Animals
  • Autoimmune Diseases / diagnosis
  • Autoimmune Diseases / therapy
  • Autoimmune Diseases / veterinary
  • Cats
  • Dogs
  • Horses
  • Melanocytes / pathology
  • Pigmentation Disorders / diagnosis
  • Pigmentation Disorders / etiology
  • Pigmentation Disorders / veterinary
  • Vitiligo / diagnosis
  • Vitiligo / etiology
  • Vitiligo / therapy
  • Vitiligo / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
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