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Veterinary surgery : VS2021; 50(3); 546-555; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13580

Balloon catheter occlusion of the maxillary, internal, and external carotid arteries in standing horses.

Abstract: To assess the feasibility of balloon catheter occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and maxillary artery (MA) in standing horses. Methods: Experimental and clinical cases series. Methods: Eight healthy horses (phase 1) and 11 clinical cases (phase 2). Methods: Occlusions were performed on standing horses under sedation and local anesthesia. In phase 1, four horses underwent bilateral ICA balloon catheter occlusion, and four horses underwent balloon catheter occlusion of the ECA and MA. In phase 2, horses were treated by occlusion of ICA (n = 7), ECA (n = 2), or ECA and ICA (n = 2). Results: Internal carotid artery occlusion was successful in seven of eight and seven of nine arteries in phases 1 and 2, respectively. The procedures lasted 53 and 50 minutes, respectively, and catheters were inserted over 13 ± 0.7 cm (mean ± SD). External carotid artery occlusion was successful in seven of seven and four of four arteries in phases 1 and 2, respectively, with mean durations of 31 and 26 minutes, respectively, and a mean distance of catheter insertion of 11.9 cm. Maxillary artery occlusion was successful in five of seven arteries (phase 1), with a mean surgical duration of 47 minutes and a mean distance of catheter insertion of 42.8 cm. Conclusions: Balloon catheter occlusion of the ICA, ECA, and MA was achieved in most standing horses. Conclusions: Balloon catheter occlusion in standing horses provides an alternative to prevent or treat hemorrhage related to guttural pouch mycosis, particularly in horses in which general anesthesia might pose a risk.
© 2021 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
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Publication Date: 2021-02-19 PubMed ID: 33606309DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13580Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focused on testing the viability of applying balloon catheter occlusion in standing horses to block off the internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and maxillary artery (MA). The method proved mostly successful and presents a potential alternative treatment for a type of fungal infection that can cause massive bleeding in horses.

Study Design and Methods

In this study, the researchers divided the experiment into two separate phases.

  • In the first phase, they used eight healthy horses. Four of them underwent balloon catheter occlusion of the ICA – a procedure that involves inserting a catheter into an artery and inflating a small balloon at its tip to create a blockade. The other four underwent balloon catheter occlusion of the ECA and MA.
  • The second phase involved 11 clinical cases where horses had been presented for treatment. This time, the horses were subjected to occlusion of ICA (in seven cases), ECA (in two cases), or both (in two cases). Each horse was standing and sedated with local anaesthesia during the procedure.

Results of the Study

The results from both phases were as follows:

  • For the ICA occlusion, it was successful in seven out of eight arteries in the first phase and seven out of nine arteries in the second phase. The procedure durations were between 50 to 53 minutes with a catheter insertion distance of 13 ± 0.7 cm.
  • The ECA occlusion worked in all cases (seven out of seven and four out of four arteries in phase 1 and 2, respectively). These procedures averaged 26 to 31 minutes and had a mean catheter insertion distance of 11.9 cm.
  • Lastly, MA occlusion occurred in five out of seven arteries in the first phase, and it took an average of 47 minutes with a catheter length of 42.8 cm.

Conclusion

From these results, the researchers concluded that balloon catheter occlusion of the ICA, ECA, and MA could be achieved in most standing horses. They suggest that this method could offer an alternative way to prevent or treat hemorrhage related to guttural pouch mycosis – a severe fungal infection common in horses. This is particularly beneficial for horses for which general anesthesia may pose a risk.

Cite This Article

APA
Genton M, Farfan M, Tesson C, Laclaire AL, Rossignol F, Mespoulhes-Rivière C. (2021). Balloon catheter occlusion of the maxillary, internal, and external carotid arteries in standing horses. Vet Surg, 50(3), 546-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13580

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 50
Issue: 3
Pages: 546-555

Researcher Affiliations

Genton, Martin
  • Clinique vétérinaire de Grosbois, Boissy-St-Léger, France.
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Farfan, Maëlle
  • Clinique vétérinaire de Grosbois, Boissy-St-Léger, France.
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Tesson, Camille
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Laclaire, Anne-Louise
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Rossignol, Fabrice
  • Clinique vétérinaire de Grosbois, Boissy-St-Léger, France.
Mespoulhes-Rivière, Céline
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Balloon Occlusion / veterinary
  • Carotid Artery, External / surgery
  • Carotid Artery, Internal / surgery
  • Female
  • Horses / surgery
  • Male
  • Reference Values

Grant Funding

  • Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort

References

This article includes 29 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Lepage OM. Guttural Pouch Mycosis: A Three-Step Therapeutic Approach. Vet Sci 2024 Jan 19;11(1).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci11010041pubmed: 38275923google scholar: lookup
  2. Piat P, Cadoré JL. Endoscopic Anatomy of the Equine Guttural Pouch: An Anatomic Observational Study. Vet Sci 2023 Aug 26;10(9).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci10090542pubmed: 37756064google scholar: lookup
  3. Lean NE, Sole-Guitart A, Ahern BJ. Laryngeal tie-forward in standing sedated horses. Vet Surg 2023 Feb;52(2):229-237.
    doi: 10.1111/vsu.13920pubmed: 36448601google scholar: lookup
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