FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Surg / Balloon catheter occlusion of the maxillary, internal, and e...
Veterinary surgery : VS2021; 50(3); 546-555; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13580

Balloon catheter occlusion of the maxillary, internal, and external carotid arteries in standing horses.

Abstract: To assess the feasibility of balloon catheter occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and maxillary artery (MA) in standing horses. Methods: Experimental and clinical cases series. Methods: Eight healthy horses (phase 1) and 11 clinical cases (phase 2). Methods: Occlusions were performed on standing horses under sedation and local anesthesia. In phase 1, four horses underwent bilateral ICA balloon catheter occlusion, and four horses underwent balloon catheter occlusion of the ECA and MA. In phase 2, horses were treated by occlusion of ICA (n = 7), ECA (n = 2), or ECA and ICA (n = 2). Results: Internal carotid artery occlusion was successful in seven of eight and seven of nine arteries in phases 1 and 2, respectively. The procedures lasted 53 and 50 minutes, respectively, and catheters were inserted over 13 ± 0.7 cm (mean ± SD). External carotid artery occlusion was successful in seven of seven and four of four arteries in phases 1 and 2, respectively, with mean durations of 31 and 26 minutes, respectively, and a mean distance of catheter insertion of 11.9 cm. Maxillary artery occlusion was successful in five of seven arteries (phase 1), with a mean surgical duration of 47 minutes and a mean distance of catheter insertion of 42.8 cm. Conclusions: Balloon catheter occlusion of the ICA, ECA, and MA was achieved in most standing horses. Conclusions: Balloon catheter occlusion in standing horses provides an alternative to prevent or treat hemorrhage related to guttural pouch mycosis, particularly in horses in which general anesthesia might pose a risk.
© 2021 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-02-19 PubMed ID: 33606309DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13580Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focused on testing the viability of applying balloon catheter occlusion in standing horses to block off the internal carotid artery (ICA), external carotid artery (ECA), and maxillary artery (MA). The method proved mostly successful and presents a potential alternative treatment for a type of fungal infection that can cause massive bleeding in horses.

Study Design and Methods

In this study, the researchers divided the experiment into two separate phases.

  • In the first phase, they used eight healthy horses. Four of them underwent balloon catheter occlusion of the ICA – a procedure that involves inserting a catheter into an artery and inflating a small balloon at its tip to create a blockade. The other four underwent balloon catheter occlusion of the ECA and MA.
  • The second phase involved 11 clinical cases where horses had been presented for treatment. This time, the horses were subjected to occlusion of ICA (in seven cases), ECA (in two cases), or both (in two cases). Each horse was standing and sedated with local anaesthesia during the procedure.

Results of the Study

The results from both phases were as follows:

  • For the ICA occlusion, it was successful in seven out of eight arteries in the first phase and seven out of nine arteries in the second phase. The procedure durations were between 50 to 53 minutes with a catheter insertion distance of 13 ± 0.7 cm.
  • The ECA occlusion worked in all cases (seven out of seven and four out of four arteries in phase 1 and 2, respectively). These procedures averaged 26 to 31 minutes and had a mean catheter insertion distance of 11.9 cm.
  • Lastly, MA occlusion occurred in five out of seven arteries in the first phase, and it took an average of 47 minutes with a catheter length of 42.8 cm.

Conclusion

From these results, the researchers concluded that balloon catheter occlusion of the ICA, ECA, and MA could be achieved in most standing horses. They suggest that this method could offer an alternative way to prevent or treat hemorrhage related to guttural pouch mycosis – a severe fungal infection common in horses. This is particularly beneficial for horses for which general anesthesia may pose a risk.

Cite This Article

APA
Genton M, Farfan M, Tesson C, Laclaire AL, Rossignol F, Mespoulhes-Rivière C. (2021). Balloon catheter occlusion of the maxillary, internal, and external carotid arteries in standing horses. Vet Surg, 50(3), 546-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13580

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 50
Issue: 3
Pages: 546-555

Researcher Affiliations

Genton, Martin
  • Clinique vétérinaire de Grosbois, Boissy-St-Léger, France.
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Farfan, Maëlle
  • Clinique vétérinaire de Grosbois, Boissy-St-Léger, France.
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Tesson, Camille
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Laclaire, Anne-Louise
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.
Rossignol, Fabrice
  • Clinique vétérinaire de Grosbois, Boissy-St-Léger, France.
Mespoulhes-Rivière, Céline
  • Ecole Nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Clinique Equine, Maisons-Alfort, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Balloon Occlusion / veterinary
  • Carotid Artery, External / surgery
  • Carotid Artery, Internal / surgery
  • Female
  • Horses / surgery
  • Male
  • Reference Values

Grant Funding

  • Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort

References

This article includes 29 references
  1. Freeman DE, Ross MW, Donawick WJ, Hamir AN. Occlusion of the external carotid and maxillary arteries in the horse to prevent hemorrhage from guttural pouch mycosis.. Vet Surg 1989;18(1):39-47.
  2. Lepage OM, Piccot-Crézollet C. Transarterial coil embolisation in 31 horses (1999-2002) with guttural pouch mycosis: a 2-year follow-up.. Equine Vet J 2010;37(5):430-434.
  3. Freeman D, Donawick W. Occlusion of internal carotid artery in the horse by means of a balloon-tipped catheter: evaluation of a method designed to prevent epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980;176(3):232-235.
  4. Freeman D, Donawick W. Occlusion of internal carotid artery in the horse by means of a balloon-tipped catheter: clinical use of a method to prevent epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980;176(3):236-240.
  5. Cheramie HS, Pleasant RS, Robertson JL. Evaluation of a Technique to Occlude the Internal Carotid Artery of Horses.. Vet Surg 1999;28(2):83-90.
  6. Léveillé R, Hardy J, Robertson JT. Transarterial coil embolization of the internal and external carotid and maxillary arteries for prevention of hemorrhage from guttural pouch mycosis in horses.. Vet Surg 2000;29(5):389-397.
  7. Delfs KC, Hawkins JF, Hogan DF. Treatment of acute epistaxis secondary to guttural pouch mycosis with transarterial nitinol vascular occlusion plugs in three equids.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009;235(2):189-193.
  8. Benredouane K, Lepage O. Trans-arterial coil embolization of the internal carotid artery in standing horses: trans-arterial coil embolization of the internal carotid artery.. Vet Surg 2012;41(3):404-409.
  9. Maninchedda U, Lepage OM, Gangl M, Benredouane K. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided arterial angiography for transarterial coil placement in anesthetized and standing horses: transarterial coil placement in anesthetized and standing horses.. Vet Surg 2015;44(3):322-327.
  10. Dugdale AH, Taylor PM. Equine anaesthesia-associated mortality: where are we now?. Vet Anaesth Analg 2016;43(3):242-255.
  11. Greet TRC. Outcome of treatment in 35 cases of guttural pouch mycosis.. Equine Vet J 1987;19(5):483-487.
  12. Freeman DE. Guttural pouch.. 2019:770-796.
  13. Pollock PJ, Russell T, Hughes TK, Archer MR, Perkins JD. Transpalpebral eye enucleation in 40 standing horses.. Vet Surg 2008;37(3):306-309.
  14. Dixon PM, Parkin TD, Collins N. Equine paranasal sinus disease: a long-term study of 200 cases (1997-2009): treatments and long-term results of treatments: treatment of equine sinusitis.. Equine Vet J 2012;44(3):272-276.
  15. Rossignol F, Vitte A, Boening J. Laryngoplasty in standing horses.. Vet Surg 2015;44(3):341-347.
  16. Heliczer N, Lorello O, Casoni D, Navas de Solis C. Accuracy and precision of noninvasive blood pressure in normo-, hyper-, and hypotensive standing and anesthetized adult horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2016;30(3):866-872.
  17. Olsen E, Pedersen TLS, Robinson R, Haubro Andersen P. Accuracy and precision of oscillometric blood pressure in standing conscious horses: tail-cuff blood pressures in horses.. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2016;26(1):85-92.
  18. Schwarzwald CC, Bonagura JD, Muir WW. The cardiovascular system.. 2009:30-100.
  19. Brosnan RJ, Steffey EP, LeCouteur RA, Imai A, Farver TB, Kortz GD. Effects of body position on intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.. J Appl Physiol 2002;92(6):2542-2546.
  20. Bonilla AG, Scansen BA, Hurcombe SD, Mudge MC. Potential for iatrogenic coil embolization of the caudal cerebellar artery during treatment of internal carotid artery bifurcation in two horses with guttural pouch mycosis.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247(12):1427-1432.
  21. Freeman DE, Staller GS, Maxson AD, Sweeney CR. Unusual internal carotid artery branching that prevented arterial occlusion with a balloon-tipped catheter in a horse.. Vet Surg 1993;22(6):531-534.
  22. Miller CB, Wilson DA, Martin DD, Pace LW, Constantinescu GM. Complications of balloon catheterization associated with aberrant cerebral arterial anatomy in a horse with guttural pouch mycosis.. Vet Surg 1998;27(5):450-453.
  23. Dobesova O, Schwarz B, Velde K, Jahn P, Zert Z, Bezdekova B. Guttural pouch mycosis in horses: a retrospective study of 28 cases.. Vet Rec 2012;171(22):561-561.
  24. Lepage OM. Challenges associated with the diagnosis and management of guttural pouch epistaxis in equids.. Equine Vet Educ 2016;28(7):372-378.
  25. Muñoz J, Iglesias M, Chao EL, Bussy C. Ultrasound guided transarterial coil placement in the internal and external carotid artery in horses: US-guided TACP in the ICA and ECA in horses.. Vet Surg 2015;44(3):328-332.
  26. Freeman DE. Complications of surgery for diseases of the guttural pouch.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2008;24(3):485-497.
  27. Porcellini M, Stassano P, Musumeci A, Bracale G. Intracardiac migration of nitinol TrapEase vena cava filter and paradoxical embolism.. 2002;22(3):460-461.
  28. Khairuddin NH, Sullivan M, Pollock PJ. Angiographic variation of the internal carotid artery and its branches in horses: angiography of the equine internal carotid artery.. Vet Surg 2015;44(6):784-789.
  29. Jennings A, Lepage O, Mair T, Sherlock C. Surgical site infection after occlusion of the internal carotid artery with a thrombectomy catheter: five cases.. Equine Vet Educ 2019;31(1):37-44.

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Lepage OM. Guttural Pouch Mycosis: A Three-Step Therapeutic Approach. Vet Sci 2024 Jan 19;11(1).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci11010041pubmed: 38275923google scholar: lookup
  2. Piat P, Cadoré JL. Endoscopic Anatomy of the Equine Guttural Pouch: An Anatomic Observational Study. Vet Sci 2023 Aug 26;10(9).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci10090542pubmed: 37756064google scholar: lookup
  3. Lean NE, Sole-Guitart A, Ahern BJ. Laryngeal tie-forward in standing sedated horses. Vet Surg 2023 Feb;52(2):229-237.
    doi: 10.1111/vsu.13920pubmed: 36448601google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.