Bee-Inspired Healing: Apitherapy in Veterinary Medicine for Maintenance and Improvement Animal Health and Well-Being.
Abstract: This review aims to present current knowledge on the effects of honey bee products on animals based on in vivo studies, focusing on their application in clinical veterinary practice. Honey's best-proven effectiveness is in treating wounds, including those infected with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, as evidenced in horses, cats, dogs, mice, and rats. Propolis manifested a healing effect in numerous inflammatory and painful conditions in mice, rats, dogs, and pigs and also helped in oncological cases in mice and rats. Bee venom is best known for its effectiveness in treating neuropathy and arthritis, as shown in dogs, mice, and rats. Besides, bee venom improved reproductive performance, immune response, and general health in rabbits, chickens, and pigs. Pollen was effective in stimulating growth and improving intestinal microflora in chickens. Royal jelly might be used in the management of animal reproduction due to its efficiency in improving fertility, as shown in rats, rabbits, and mice. Drone larvae are primarily valued for their androgenic effects and stimulation of reproductive function, as evidenced in sheep, chickens, pigs, and rats. Further research is warranted to determine the dose and method of application of honey bee products in animals.
Publication Date: 2024-08-09 PubMed ID: 39204155PubMed Central: PMC11357515DOI: 10.3390/ph17081050Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Review
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article is about exploring the impact of honey bee products on the health and wellbeing of animals, specifically looking at their use in veterinary medicine.
Introduction and Aim
- The review aims to present current knowledge on the health effects of honey bee products on animals.
- The study is based on in vivo experiments, focusing on the application of these natural products in clinical veterinary practice.
Honey’s Effects
- Honey has been found effective in treating wounds, including those infected with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.
- Various species including horses, cats, dogs, mice, and rats have benefitted from the healing properties of honey.
Propolis’ Effects
- Propolis, another bee product, has manifested healing effects on several inflammatory and painful conditions in mice, rats, dogs, and pigs.
- It was also reported to be beneficial in oncological cases in mice and rats.
Bee Venom’s Effects
- Bee venom has shown effectiveness in treating ailments like neuropathy and arthritis in dogs, mice, and rats.
- Beyond these, bee venom has also improved reproductive performance, immune response, and the general health of rabbits, chickens, and pigs.
Pollen and Royal Jelly’s Effects
- Pollen from bees has proved effective in stimulating growth and improving intestinal microflora in chickens.
- Royal jelly seems to have a positive impact on animal reproduction due to its effectiveness in enhancing fertility, shown in studies involving rats, rabbits, and mice.
Drone Larvae’s Effects
- Drone larvae are particularly valued for their androgenic effects and for stimulating reproductive function as demonstrated in sheep, chickens, pigs, and rats.
Future Research
- Despite encouraging results, further research is necessary to determine the optimal dose and method of application of honey bee products in animals.
Cite This Article
APA
Stevanović J, Glavinić U, Ristanić M, Erjavec V, Denk B, Dolašević S, Stanimirović Z.
(2024).
Bee-Inspired Healing: Apitherapy in Veterinary Medicine for Maintenance and Improvement Animal Health and Well-Being.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 17(8).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17081050 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03204, Turkey.
- Institute for Animal Husbandry, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Grant Funding
- project no. 5455 / Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia
- contract number 451-03-66/2024-03/200143 / Utilization of the food industry waste for improving honey bee health and protecting the environment - Waste2ProtectBees and by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
This article includes 159 references
- Weis W.A., Ripari N., Conte F.L., da Silva Honorio M., Sartori A.A., Matucci R.H., Sforcin J.M.. An overview about apitherapy and its clinical applications.. Phytomedicine Plus 2022;2:100239.
- Sawczuk R., Karpinska J., Miltyk W.. What do we need to know about drone brood homogenate and what is known.. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2019;245:111581.
- Vogt N.A., Vriezen E., Nwosu A., Sargeant J.M.. A scoping review of the evidence for the medicinal use of natural honey in animals.. Front. Vet. Sci. 2021;7:618301.
- Chatzimisios K., Tsioli V., Brellou G.D., Apostolopoulou E.P., Angelou V., Pratsinakis E.D., Cremers N.A.J., Papazoglou L.G.. Evaluation of the effectiveness of medical-grade honey and Hypericum perforatum ointment on second-intention healing of full-thickness skin wounds in cats.. Animals 2023;14:36.
- Bischofberger A.S., Dart C.M., Horadagoda N., Perkins N.R., Jeffcott L.B., Little C.B., Dart A.J.. Effect of Manuka honey gel on the transforming growth factor β1 and β3 concentrations, bacterial counts and histomorphology of contaminated full-thickness skin wounds in equine distal limbs.. Aust. Vet. J. 2016;94:27–34.
- Lukanc B., Potokar T., Erjavec V.. Complete skin regeneration with medical honey after skin loss on the entire circumference of a leg in a cat.. J. Tissue Viability 2020;29:148–152.
- Budak Ö., Çakıroğlu H.. Examination the effects of chestnut and Manuka honey for wound healing on mice experimental model.. Med. Sci. Discov. 2022;9:170–174.
- Blair S.E., Cokcetin N.N., Harry E.J., Carter D.A.. The unusual antibacterial activity of medical-grade Leptospermum honey: Antibacterial spectrum, resistance and transcriptome analysis.. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2009;28:1199–1208.
- Kwakman P.H., Zaat S.A.. Antibacterial components of honey.. IUBMB Life 2012;64:48–55.
- Majtan J., Bohova J., Prochazka E., Klaudiny J.. Methylglyoxal may affect hydrogen peroxide accumulation in manuka honey through the inhibition of glucose oxidase.. J. Med. Food 2014;17:290–293.
- Majtan J., Klaudiny J., Bohova J., Kohutova L., Dzurova M., Sediva M., Bartosova M., Majtan V.. Methylglyoxal-induced modifications of significant honeybee proteinous components in manuka honey: Possible therapeutic implications.. Fitoterapia 2012;83:671–677.
- Unique Mānuka Factor, the Golden Standard in Mānuka Honey, the Rating System. [(accessed on 29 April 2024)]. Available online: https://www.umf.org.nz/unique-manuka-factor/
- Lu J., Carter D.A., Turnbull L., Rosendale D., Hedderley D., Stephens J., Gannabathula S., Steinhorn G., Schlothauer R.C., Whitchurch C.B.. The effect of New Zealand kanuka, manuka and clover honeys on bacterial growth dynamics and cellular morphology varies according to the species.. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e55898.
- Lu J., Turnbull L., Burke C.M., Liu M., Carter D.A., Schlothauer R.C., Whitchurch C.B., Harry E.J.. Manuka-type honeys can eradicate biofilms produced by Staphylococcus aureus strains with different biofilm-forming abilities.. PeerJ 2014;2:e326.
- Lu J., Cokcetin N.N., Burke C.M., Turnbull L., Liu M., Carter D.A., Whitchurch C.B., Harry E.J.. Honey can inhibit and eliminate biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. Sci. Rep. 2019;9:18160.
- Bouzo D., Cokcetin N.N., Li L., Ballerin G., Bottomley A.L., Lazenby J., Whitchurch C.B., Paulsen I.T., Hassan K.A., Harry E.J.. Characterizing the mechanism of action of an ancient antimicrobial, Manuka honey, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using modern transcriptomics.. MSystems 2020;5:e00106-20.
- Green K.J., Lawag I.L., Locher C., Hammer K.A.. Correlation of the antibacterial activity of commercial manuka and Leptospermum honeys from Australia and New Zealand with methylglyoxal content and other physicochemical characteristics.. PLoS ONE 2022;17:e0272376.
- Girma A., Seo W., She R.C.. Antibacterial activity of varying UMF-graded Manuka honeys.. PLoS ONE 2019;14:e0224495.
- Lukanc B., Potokar T., Erjavec V.. Observational study of the effect of L-mesitran® medical honey on wound healing in cats.. Vet. Arhiv. 2018;88:59–74.
- Peteoaca A., Istrate A., Goanta A., Girdan G., Stefanescu A., Tanase A.. Therapeutic approach in managing degloving injuries of the front limbs in a dog—A case report.. Sci. Work. Ser. C Vet. Med. 2019;65:70–78.
- Lukanc B., Šteh T., Erjavec V.. The effect of medical honey on second intention wound healing in dogs.. Vet. Arh. 2023;93:569–580.
- Yalcınkaya E., Basaran M.M., Tunckasık M.E., Yazici G.N., Elmas Ç., Kocaturk S.. Efficiency of Hypericum perforatum, povidone iodine, tincture benzoin and tretinoin on wound healing.. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2022;166:113209.
- Vatnikov Y., Shabunin S., Kulikov E., Karamyan A., Lenchenko E., Sachivkina N., Bobkova N., Bokov D., Zhilkina V., Tokar A.. Effectiveness of biologically active substances from Hypericum perforatum L. in the complex treatment of purulent wounds.. Int. J. Pharm. Res. 2020;12:1108–1117.
- Sotirova Y., Kiselova-Kaneva Y., Vankova D., Tasinov O., Ivanova D., Popov H., Hristova M., Nikolova K., Andonova V.. Tissue regeneration and remodeling in rat models after application of Hypericum perforatum L. extract-loaded bigels.. Gels 2024;10:341.
- Bukhari M.H., Khalil J., Qamar S., Qamar Z., Zahid M., Ansari N., Bakhshi I.M.. Comparative gastroprotective effects of natural honey, Nigella sativa and cimetidine against acetylsalicylic acid induced gastric ulcer in albino rats.. JCPSP J. Coll. Physici. 2011;21:151–156.
- Almasaudi S.B., El-Shitany N.A., Abbas A.T., Abdel-Dayem U.A., Ali S.S., Al Jaouni S.K., Harakeh S.. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiulcer potential of manuka honey against gastric ulcer in rats.. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2016;2016:3643824.
- Almasaudi S.B., Abbas A.T., Al-Hindi R.R., El-Shitany N.A., Abdel-Dayem U.A., Ali S.S., Saleh R.M., Al Jaouni S.K., Kamal M.A., Harakeh S.M.. Manuka honey exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that promote healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats.. J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2017;2017:5413917.
- Harakeh S., Saber S.H., Akefe I.O., Shaker S., Hussain M.B., Almasaudi A.S., Saleh S.M., Almasaudi S.. Saudi honey alleviates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer via improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in male albino rats.. Saudi. J. Biol. Sci. 2022;29:3040–3050.
- Erejuwa O.O., Gurtu S., Sulaiman S.A., Wahab M.S., Sirajudeen K.N., Salleh M.S.. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of honey supplementation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 2010;80:74.
- Erejuwa O.O., Sulaiman S.A., Wahab M.S., Sirajudeen K.N., Salleh M.M., Gurtu S.. Antioxidant protection of Malaysian tualang honey in pancreas of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.. Ann. Endocrinol. Paris. 2010;71:291–296.
- Erejuwa O.O., Nwobodo N.N., Akpan J.L., Okorie U.A., Ezeonu C.T., Ezeokpo B.C., Nwadike K.I., Erhiano E., Abdul Wahab M.S., Sulaiman S.A.. Nigerian honey ameliorates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.. Nutrients 2016;8:95.
- Arabmoazzen S., Sarkaki A.. Antidiabetic effect of honey feeding in noise induced hyperglycemic rat: Involvement of oxidative stress.. Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci. 2015;18:745–751.
- Hemmati M., Karamian M., Malekaneh M.. Anti-atherogenic potential of natural honey: Anti-diabetic and antioxidant approaches.. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2015;3:278–284.
- Berretta A.A., de Castro P.A., Cavalheiro A.H., Fortes V.S., Bom V.P., Nascimento A.P., Marquele-Oliveira F., Pedrazzi V., Ramalho L.N., Goldman G.H.. Evaluation of mucoadhesive gels with propolis (EPP-AF) in preclinical treatment of candidiasis vulvovaginal infection.. J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2013;2013:641480.
- Bonfim A.P., Sakita K.M., Faria D.R., Arita G.S., Vendramini F.A., Capoci I.R., Braga A.G., Dos Santos R.S., Bruschi M.L., Becker T.C.. Preclinical approaches in vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment with mucoadhesive thermoresponsive systems containing propolis.. PLoS ONE 2020;15:e0243197.
- Fiordalisi S.A., Honorato L.A., Loiko M.R., Avancini C.A., Veleirinho M.B., Machado Filho L.C., Kuhnen S.. The effects of Brazilian propolis on etiological agents of mastitis and the viability of bovine mammary gland explants.. J. Dairy. Sci. 2016;99:2308–2318.
- Santana H.F., Barbosa A.A., Ferreira S.O., Mantovani H.C.. Bactericidal activity of ethanolic extracts of propolis against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic cows.. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012;28:485–491.
- Wang K., Jin X.L., Shen X.G., Sun L.P., Wu L.M., Wei J.Q., Marcucci M.C., Hu F.L., Liu J.X.. Effects of Chinese propolis in protecting bovine mammary epithelial cells against mastitis pathogens-induced cell damage.. Mediat. Inflamm. 2016;2016:8028291.
- Shimizu T., Takeshita Y., Takamori Y., Kai H., Sawamura R., Yoshida H., Watanabe W., Tsutsumi A., Park Y.K., Yasukawa K.. Efficacy of Brazilian propolis against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in mice and their modes of antiherpetic efficacies.. J. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2011;2011:976196.
- Sartori G., Pesarico A.P., Pinton S., Dobrachinski F., Roman S.S., Pauletto F., Rodrigues L.C., Prigol M.. Protective effect of brown Brazilian propolis against acute vaginal lesions caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice: Involvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.. Cell Biochem. Funct. 2012;30:1–10.
- Arismendi N., Vargas M., López M.D., Barría Y., Zapata N.. Promising antimicrobial activity against the honey bee parasite Nosema ceranae by methanolic extracts from Chilean native plants and propolis.. J. Apicult. Res. 2018;57:522–535.
- Burnham A.J., De Jong E., Jones J.A., Lehman H.K.. North American propolis extracts from upstate New York decrease Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia) spore levels in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Front. Microbiol. 2020;11:1719.
- Naree S., Ellis J.D., Benbow M.E., Suwannapong G.. The use of propolis for preventing and treating Nosema ceranae infection in western honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1787) workers.. J. Apicult. Res. 2021;60:686–696.
- Nweze N.E., Okoro H.O., Al Robaian M., Omar R.M., Tor-Anyiin T.A., Watson D.G., Igoli J.O.. Effects of Nigerian red propolis in rats infected with.. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 2017;26:1129–1133.
- Afrouzan H., Zakeri S., Mehrizi A.A., Molasalehi S., Tahghighi A., Shokrgozar M.A., Es-Haghi A., Djadid N.D.. Anti-plasmodial assessment of four different Iranian propolis extracts.. Arch. Iran. Med. 2017;20:270–281.
- AlGabbani Q., Mansour L., Elnakady Y.A., Al-Quraishy S., Alomar S., Al-Shaebi E.M., Abdel-Baki A.A.. In vivo assessment of the antimalarial and spleen-protective activities of the Saudi propolis methanolic extract.. Parasitol. Res. 2017;116:539–547.
- Silva M.P., Silva T.M., Mengarda A.C., Salvadori M.C., Teixeira F.S., Alencar S.M., Luz Filho G.C., Bueno-Silva B., de Moraes J.. Brazilian red propolis exhibits antiparasitic properties in vitro and reduces worm burden and egg production in an mouse model harboring either early or chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection.. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2021;264:113387.
- Oryan A., Alemzadeh E., Moshiri A.. Potential role of propolis in wound healing: Biological properties and therapeutic activities.. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2018;98:469–483.
- Berretta A.A., Nascimento A.P., Bueno P.C., Leite M.M., Marchetti J.M.. Propolis standardized extract (EPP-AF®), an innovative chemically and biologically reproducible pharmaceutical compound for treating wounds.. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 2012;8:512–521.
- Abu-Seida A.M.. Effect of propolis on experimental cutaneous wound healing in dogs.. Vet. Med. Int. 2015;2015:672643.
- Olczyk P., Komosinska-Vassev K., Wisowski G., Mencner L., Stojko J., Kozma E.M.. Propolis modulates fibronectin expression in the matrix of thermal injury.. BioMed Res. Int. 2014;2014:748101.
- Staniczek J., Jastrzębska-Stojko Ż., Stojko R.. Biological activity of propolis ointment with the addition of 1% nanosilver in the treatment of experimentally-evoked burn wounds.. Polymers 2021;13:2312.
- Ma X., Guo Z., Shen Z., Wang J., Hu Y., Wang D.. The immune enhancement of propolis adjuvant on inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine in guinea pig.. Cell Immunol. 2011;270:13–18.
- Ferreira L.N., Fonseca F.P., Caetano de Castro C., Sica Siedler B., Silveira Munhoz L., D’Avila Vargas G., Fischer G., Oliveira Hubner S.. Effect of the etanolic extract from green propolis on production of antibodies after immunization against Canine Parvovirus (CPV) and Canine Coronavirus (CCoV). Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. 2012;49:116–122.
- Liu S., Wang D., Cao Y., Lu T., Liu H., Li S.. Effects of propolis on the immune enhancement of the formalin-inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida vaccine.. Aquac. Res. 2020;51:4759–4770.
- de Mendonça M.A.A., Ribeiro A.R.S., de Lima A.K., Bezerra G.B., Pinheiro M.S., de Albuquerque-Júnior R.L.C., Gomes M.Z., Padilha F.F., Thomazzi S.M., Novellino E.. Red propolis and its dyslipidemic regulator formononetin: Evaluation of antioxidant activity and gastroprotective effects in rat model of gastric ulcer.. Nutrients 2020;12:2951.
- Babińska I., Kleczek K., Makowski W., Szarek J.. Effect of feed supplementation with propolis on liver and kidney morphology in broiler chickens.. Pak. Vet. J. 2013;33:1–4.
- Salehi A., Hosseini S.M., Kazemi S.. Antioxidant and anticarcinogenic potentials of propolis for dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats.. BioMed Res. Int. 2022;2022:8497562.
- Rizk S.M., Zaki H.F., Mina M.A.. Propolis attenuates doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats.. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2014;67:176–186.
- Sameni H.R., Yosefi S., Alipour M., Pakdel A., Torabizadeh N., Semnani V., Bandegi A.R.. Co-administration of 5FU and propolis on AOM/DSS induced colorectal cancer in BALB-c mice.. Life Sci. 2021;276:119390.
- Cavalcante D.R.R., de Oliveira P.S., Góis S.M., Soares A.F., Cardoso J.C., Padilha F.F., de Albuquerque Júnior R.L.C.. Effect of green propolis on oral epithelial dysplasia in rats.. Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol. 2011;77:278–284.
- Arslan S., Silici S., Percin D., Koç A.N., Er Ö.. Antimicrobial activity of poplar propolis on mutans streptococci and caries development in rats.. Turk. J. Biol. 2012;36:65–73.
- Bueno-Silva B., Koo H., Falsetta M.L., Alencar S.M., Ikegaki M., Rosalen P.L.. Effect of neovestitol–vestitol containing Brazilian red propolis on accumulation of biofilm in vitro and development of dental caries in vivo.. Biofouling 2013;29:1233–1242.
- Ribeiro D.R., Alves A.V., dos Santos E.P., Padilha F.F., Gomes M.Z., Rabelo A.S., Cardoso J.C., Massarioli A.P., de Alencar S.M., de Albuquerque-Junior R.L.. Inhibition of DMBA-induced oral squamous cells carcinoma growth by Brazilian red propolis in rodent model.. Basic. Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2015;117:85–95.
- Darweesh F.A., Zaher A.R., Zaghlool A.E., Helal M.E., El-Sabaa H.M.. Honey bee propolis as a storage medium on teeth replantation in dogs (histological, histochemical and radiographic study). Mansoura J. Dent. 2014;1:1–6.
- Lozina L.A., Peichoto M.E., Boehringer S.I., Koscinczuk P., Granero G.E., Acosta O.C.. Efficacy of Argentine propolis formulation for topical treatment of canine otitis externa.. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 2010;62:1359–1366.
- Martin L.F., Rocha E.M., Garcia S.B., Paula J.S.. Topical Brazilian propolis improves corneal wound healing and inflammation in rats following alkali burns.. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2013;13:337.
- Oršolić N., Sirovina D., Končić M.Z., Lacković G., Gregorović G.. Effect of Croatian propolis on diabetic nephropathy and liver toxicity in mice.. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2012;12:117.
- Farooqui T., Farooqui A.A.. Molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic activities of propolis: A critical review.. Curr. Nutr. Food Sci. 2010;6:186–199.
- Araujo M.A., Libério S.A., Guerra R.N., Ribeiro M.N., Nascimento F.R.. Mechanisms of action underlying the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of propolis: A brief review.. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 2012;22:208–219.
- Oršolić N., Jazvinšćak Jembrek M.. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of propolis and its polyphenolic compounds against cancer.. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022;23:10479.
- Zhang S., Liu Y., Ye Y., Wang X.R., Lin L.T., Xiao L.Y., Zhou P., Shi G.X., Liu C.Z.. Bee venom therapy: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic applications.. Toxicon 2018;148:64–73.
- Kocyigit A., Guler E.M., Kaleli S., Kocyigit A., Guler E.M., Kaleli S.. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of honey bee venom on Freund’s Complete Adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats.. Toxicon 2019;161:4–11.
- Lin T.Y., Hsieh C.L.. Clinical applications of bee venom acupoint injection.. Toxins 2020;12:618.
- Oršolić N.. Bee venom in cancer therapy.. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2012;31:173–194.
- Aufschnaiter A., Kohler V., Khalifa S., Abd El-Wahed A., Du M., El-Seedi H., Büttner S.. Apitoxin and its components against cancer, neurodegeneration and rheumatoid arthritis: Limitations and possibilities.. Toxins 2020;12:66.
- Tsai L.C., Lin Y.W., Hsieh C.L.. Effects of bee venom injections at acupoints on neurologic dysfunction induced by thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disorders in canines: A randomized, controlled prospective study.. BioMed Res. Int. 2015;2015:363801.
- Alvarez-Fischer D., Noelker C., Vulinović F., Grünewald A., Chevarin C., Klein C., Oertel W.H., Hirsch E.C., Michel P.P., Hartmann A.. Bee venom and its component apamin as neuroprotective agents in a Parkinson disease mouse model.. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e61700.
- Mohammadi-Rad M., Ghasemi N., Aliomrani M.. Evaluation of apamin effects on myelination process in C57BL/6 mice model of multiple sclerosis.. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2019;14:424.
- Nguyen C.D., Lee G.. Neuroprotective activity of melittin—The main component of bee venom—Against oxidative stress induced by Aβ25–35 in in vitro and in vivo models.. Antioxidants 2021;10:1654.
- Khalil W.K., Assaf N., ElShebiney S.A., Salem N.A.. Neuroprotective effects of bee venom acupuncture therapy against rotenone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.. Neurochem. Int. 2015;80:79–86.
- Choi J., Jeon C., Lee J.H., Jang J.U., Quan F.S., Lee K., Kim W., Kim S.K.. Suppressive effects of bee venom acupuncture on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in rats: Mediation by spinal α2-adrenergic receptor.. Toxins 2017;9:351.
- Li D., Chung G., Kim S.K.. The involvement of central noradrenergic pathway in the analgesic effect of bee venom acupuncture on vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in rats.. Toxins 2020;12:775.
- Sung H.J., Park H.M.. Therapeutic trial of bee venom acupuncture for idiopathic facial paralysis in a dog.. J. Vet. Clin. 2013;30:107–110.
- El-Hanoun A., El-Komy A., El-Sabrout K., Abdella M.. Effect of bee venom on reproductive performance and immune response of male rabbits.. Physiol. Behav. 2020;223:112987.
- Elkomy A., El-Hanoun A., Abdella M., El-Sabrout K.. Improving the reproductive, immunity and health status of rabbit does using honey bee venom.. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2021;105:975–983.
- Mohamed W.A., Abd-Elhakim Y.M., Ismail S.A.. Involvement of the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-secretory activity of bee venom in its therapeutic effects on acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastric ulceration in rats.. Toxicology 2019;419:11–23.
- Han S.M., Lee K.G., Yeo J.H., Oh B.Y., Kim B.S., Lee W., Baek H.J., Kim S.T., Hwang S.J., Pak S.C.. Effects of honeybee venom supplementation in drinking water on growth performance of broiler chickens.. Poult. Sci. 2010;89:2396–2400.
- Kim D.H., Han S.M., Keum M.C., Lee S., An B.K., Lee S.R., Lee K.W.. Evaluation of bee venom as a novel feed additive in fast-growing broilers.. Brit. Poult. Sci. 2018;59:435–442.
- Han S.M., Lee K.G., Yeo J.H., Hwang S.J., Jang C.H., Chenoweth P.J., Pak S.C.. Effects of bee venom treatment on growth performance of young pigs.. Am. J. Chin. Med. 2009;37:253–260.
- Shin J.C., Kim S.H., Park H.J., Seo K.W., Song K.H.. Effect of aromatherapy and apipuncture on Malassezia-related otitis externa in dogs.. J. Vet. Clin. 2012;29:470–473.
- Jung B.G., Lee J.A., Park S.B., Hyun P.M., Park J.K., Suh G.H., Lee B.J.. Immunoprophylactic effects of administering honeybee (Apis melifera) venom spray against Salmonella gallinarum in broiler chicks.. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2013;75:1287–1295.
- Uddin M.B., Lee B.H., Nikapitiya C., Kim J.H., Kim T.H., Lee H.C., Kim C.G., Lee J.S., Kim C.J.. Inhibitory effects of bee venom and its components against viruses in vitro and in vivo.. J. Microbiol. 2016;54:853–866.
- Lee J., Kim Y.M., Kim J.H., Cho C.W., Jeon J.W., Park J.K., Lee S.H., Jung B.G., Lee B.J.. Nasal delivery of chitosan/alginate nanoparticle encapsulated bee (Apis mellifera) venom promotes antibody production and viral clearance during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection by modulating T cell related responses.. Vet. Immunol. Immunop. 2018;200:40–51.
- Choi J.H., Jang A.Y., Lin S., Lim S., Kim D., Park K., Han S.M., Yeo J.H., Seo H.S.. Melittin, a honeybee venom derived antimicrobial peptide, may target methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.. Mol. Med. Rep. 2015;12:6483–6490.
- Mousavi S.M., Imani S., Haghighi S., Mousavi S.E., Karimi A.. Effect of Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom on blood glucose and insulin in diabetic rats.. J. Arthropod-Borne Dis. 2012;6:136–143.
- Denk B., Fidan A.F.. Effects of honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom on redox balance, biochemical and hematological profile in diabetic rats: A preliminary study.. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2021;45:257–265.
- Denk B.. Exploring Apis mellifera L. venom’s antioxidant power in various solvents: Unveiling its in vitro potential.. Kocatepe Vet. J. 2023;16:420–431.
- Kostić A.Ž., Milinčić D.D., Barać M.B., Ali Shariati M., Tešić Ž.L., Pešić M.B.. The application of pollen as a functional food and feed ingredient—The present and perspectives.. Biomolecules 2020;10:84.
- Kročko M., Čanigová M., Bezeková J., Lavová M., Haščík P., Ducková V.. Effect of nutrition with propolis and bee pollen supplements on bacteria colonization pattern in gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicken.. Sci. Pap. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 2012;45:63–67.
- Haščík P., Trembecká L., Tkáčová J., Kročko M., Čuboň J., Kačániová M.. Effect of bee pollen dietary supplementation on meat performance of Ross 308 broiler chickens.. J. Microb. Biotec. Food. 2015;4:55–58.
- Fazayeli-Rad A.R., Afzali N., Farhangfar S.H., Asghari M.R.. Effect of bee pollen on growth performance, intestinal morphometry and immune status of broiler chicks.. Eur. Poult. Sci. 2015;79:1–9.
- Abood S.S., Ezzat H.N.. Effect of adding different levels from bee pollen in diet on productive performance of broiler chickens.. Plant Arch. 2018;18:2435–2438.
- Petričević V., Lukić M., Škrbić Z., Rakonjac S., Stanojković A., Nikšić D., Živković V.. Production parameters, microbiological composition of intestines and slaughter performance of broilers fed with bee pollen.. Züchtungskunde 2022;94:36–46.
- Locatelli M., Macchione N., Ferrante C., Chiavaroli A., Recinella L., Carradori S., Zengin G., Cesa S., Leporini L., Leone S.. Graminex pollen: Phenolic pattern, colorimetric analysis and protective effects in immortalized prostate cells (PC3) and rat prostate challenged with LPS.. Molecules 2018;23:1145.
- Chen X., Wu R.Z., Zhu Y.Q., Ren Z.M., Tong Y.L., Yang F., Dai G.H.. Study on the inhibition of Mfn1 by plant-derived miR5338 mediating the treatment of BPH with rape bee pollen.. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2018;18:38.
- Chen X., Wu R.Z., Ren Z.M., Tong Y.L., Chen S., Yang F., Dai G.H.. Regulation of microRNAs by rape bee pollen on benign prostate hyperplasia in rats.. Andrologia 2020;52:e13386.
- Mohamed N.A., Ahmed O.M., Hozayen W.G., Ahmed M.A.. Ameliorative effects of bee pollen and date palm pollen on the glycemic state and male sexual dysfunctions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats.. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2018;97:9–18.
- Karadeniz A., Simsek N., Karakus E., Yildirim S., Kara A., Can I., Kisa F., Emre H., Turkeli M.. Royal jelly modulates oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver and kidneys of rats treated with cisplatin.. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2011;2011:981793.
- Ibrahim A., Eldaim M.A., Abdel-Daim M.M.. Nephroprotective effect of bee honey and royal jelly against subchronic cisplatin toxicity in rats.. Cytotechnology 2016;68:1039–1048.
- Zargar H.R., Hemmati A.A., Ghafourian M., Arzi A., Rezaie A., Javad-Moosavi S.A.. Long-term treatment with royal jelly improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.. Can. J. Physiol. Pharm. 2017;95:23–31.
- Albalawi A.E., Althobaiti N.A., Alrdahe S.S., Alhasani R.H., Alaryani F.S., BinMowyna M.N.. Antitumor activity of royal jelly and its cellular mechanisms against Ehrlich solid tumor in mice.. BioMed Res. Int. 2022;2022:7233997.
- Zhang S., Shao Q., Geng H., Su S.. The effect of royal jelly on the growth of breast cancer in mice.. Oncol. Lett. 2017;14:7615–7621.
- Okumura N., Toda T., Ozawa Y., Watanabe K., Ikuta T., Tatefuji T., Hashimoto K., Shimizu T.. Royal jelly delays motor functional impairment during aging in genetically heterogeneous male mice.. Nutrients 2018;10:1191.
- Ghanbari E., Khazaei M.R., Khazaei M., Nejati V.. Royal jelly promotes ovarian follicles growth and increases steroid hormones in immature rats.. Int. J. Fertil. Steril. 2018;11:263–269.
- Shimizu S., Matsushita H., Minami A., Kanazawa H., Suzuki T., Watanabe K., Wakatsuki A.. Royal jelly does not prevent bone loss but improves bone strength in ovariectomized rats.. Climacteric 2018;21:601–606.
- Hattori S., Omi N.. The effects of royal jelly protein on bone mineral density and strength in ovariectomized female rats.. Phys. Act. Nutr. 2021;25:33.
- Pan Y., Xu J., Jin P., Yang Q., Zhu K., You M., Hu F., Chen M.. Royal jelly ameliorates behavioral deficits, cholinergic system deficiency, and autonomic nervous dysfunction in ovariectomized cholesterol-fed rabbits.. Molecules 2019;24:1149.
- Hassan A.A.. Effect of royal jelly on sexual efficiency in adult male rats.. Iraqi J. Vet. Sci. 2009;23:155–160.
- Mahdivand N., Najafi G., Nejati V., Shalizar-Jalali A., Rahmani F.. Royal jelly protects male rats from heat stress-induced reproductive failure.. Andrologia 2019;51:e13213.
- Asadi N., Kheradmand A., Gholami M., Saidi S.H., Mirhadi S.A.. Effect of royal jelly on testicular antioxidant enzymes activity, MDA level and spermatogenesis in rat experimental Varicocele model.. Tissue Cell. 2019;57:70–77.
- Zahmatkesh E., Najafi G., Nejati V., Heidari R.. Protective effect of royal jelly on the sperm parameters and testosterone level and lipid peroxidation in adult mice treated with oxymetholone.. Avicenna J. Phytomedi. 2014;4:43.
- Azad F., Nejati V., Shalizar-Jalali A., Najafi G., Rahmani F.. Royal jelly protects male mice against nicotine-induced reproductive failure.. Vet. Res. Forum. 2018;9:231–238.
- El-Hanoun A.M., Elkomy A.E., Fares W.A., Shahien E.H.. Impact of royal jelly to improve reproductive performance of male rabbits under hot summer conditions.. World Rabbit. Sci. 2014;22:241–248.
- Khadr A.H., Abdou A., El-Sherbiny A.M.. Age of puberty and fertility of male New Zealand white rabbits orally administered with royal jelly or/and bee honey.. J. Anim. Poult. Prod. Mansoura Univ. 2015;6:201–217.
- Guo J., Wang Z., Chen Y., Cao J., Tian W., Ma B., Dong Y.. Active components and biological functions of royal jelly.. J. Funct. Foods. 2021;82:104514.
- Ghosh S., Jung C., Meyer-Rochow V.B.. Nutritional value and chemical composition of larvae, pupae, and adults of worker honey bee, Apis mellifera ligustica as a sustainable food source.. J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 2016;19:487–495.
- Odemer R., Odemer F., Liebig G., de Craigher D.. Temporal increase of Varroa mites in trap frames used for drone brood removal during the honey bee season.. J. Appl. Entomol. 2022;146:1207–1211.
- Shoinbayeva K.B., Omirzak T., Bigara T., Abubakirova A., Dauylbay A.. Biologically active preparation and reproductive function of stud rams.. Asian J. Pharm. 2017;11:184–191.
- Seres A.B., Ducza E., Báthori M., Hunyadi A., Béni Z., Dékány M., Hajagos-Tóth J., Verli J., Gáspár R.. Androgenic effect of honeybee drone milk in castrated rats: Roles of methyl palmitate and methyl oleate.. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014;153:446–453.
- Yucel B., Acikgoz Z., Bayraktar H., Seremet C.. The effect of apilarnil (drone bee larvae) administration on growth performance and secondary sex characteristics of male broilers.. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 2011;10:2263–2266.
- Altan O., Yucel B., Açikgoz Z., Seremet C., Kosoglu M., Turgan N., Ozgonul A.M.. Apilarnil reduces fear and advances sexual development in male broilers but has no effect on growth.. Brit. Poult. Sci. 2013;54:355–361.
- Zdorovjova J.V., Boryayev G.I., Nosov A.V., Katayev O.G., Meloyan G.M., Zemljanova J.V., Kistanova J.K.. Hormonal status and productive qualities of young pigs at inclusion in a diet feeding homogenate drone brood.. Agrar. Sci. J. 2018;2:3–7.
- Kistanova E., Zdoroveva E., Nevitov M., Nosov A., Vysokikh M., Sukhanova I., Vishnyakova P., Abadjieva D., Ankova D., Rashev P.. Drone brood fed supplement impacts on the folliculogenesis in growing gilts.. Vet. Arh. 2020;90:583–592.
- Yemets Y.M.. Dietary effects of drone larves homogenate on the homeostatic constants and the reproductive capacity of Large White gilts.. Transl. Res. Vet. Sci. 2020;3:27–39.
- Hamamci M., Doganyigit Z., Silici S., Okan A., Kayma E., Yilmaz S., Tokpina A., Inan L.E.. Apilarnil: A novel neuroprotective candidate.. Acta Neurol. Taiwan. 2020;29:33–45.
- Doğanyiğit Z., Okan A., Kaymak E., Pandır D., Silici S.. Investigation of protective effects of apilarnil against lipopolysaccharide induced liver injury in rats via TLR 4/HMGB-1/NF-κB pathway.. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2020;125:109967.
- Stevanovic J., Stanimirović Z., Aleksić N., Simeunović P., Vučićević M.. The influence of natural and synthetic substances applied in honey bee health care on the quality of bee products (invited paper); Proceedings of the Apimondia Symposium “Apiecotech Serbia 2012”; Belgrade, Serbia. 18–19 February 2012; pp. 9–34.. .
- Kasiotis K.M., Zafeiraki E., Manea-Karga E., Anastasiadou P., Machera K.. Pesticide residues and metabolites in Greek honey and pollen: Bees and human health risk assessment.. Foods 2023;12:706.
- Végh R., Csóka M., Mednyánszky Z., Sipos L.. Pesticide residues in bee bread, propolis, beeswax and royal jelly–a review of the literature and dietary risk assessment.. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2023;176:113806.
- Simsek I., Kuzukiran O., Yurdakok-Dikmen B., Sireli U.T., Beykaya M., Filazi A.. Comparison of selected lipophilic compound residues in honey and propolis.. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2021;102:104068.
- Ilić D., Brkić B., Sekulić M.T.. Biomonitoring: Developing a beehive air volatiles profile as an indicator of environmental contamination using a sustainable in-field technique.. Sustainability 2024;16:1713.
- Stanimirović Z., Glavinić U., Lakić N., Radović D., Ristanić M., Tarić E., Stevanović J.. Efficacy of plant-derived formulation “Argus Ras” in control.. Acta Vet. Beogr. 2017;67:191–200.
- Stanimirovic Z., Glavinic U., Jovanovic N.M., Ristanic M., Milojković-Opsenica D., Mutic J., Stevanovic J.. Preliminary trials on effects of lithium salts on Varroa destructor, honey and wax matrices.. J. Apicult. Res. 2022;61:375–391.
- Stanimirović Z., Glavinić U., Ristanić M., Jelisić S., Vejnović B., Niketić M., Stevanović J.. Diet supplementation helps honey bee colonies in combat infections by enhancing their hygienic behaviour.. Acta Vet. Beogr. 2022;72:145–166.
- Jovanovic N.M., Glavinic U., Delic B., Vejnovic B., Aleksic N., Mladjan V., Stanimirovic Z.. Plant-based supplement containing B-complex vitamins can improve bee health and increase colony performance.. Prev. Vet. Med. 2021;190:105322.
- Jovanovic N.M., Glavinic U., Ristanic M., Vejnovic B., Stevanovic J., Cosic M., Stanimirovic Z.. Contact varroacidal efficacy of lithium citrate and its influence on viral loads, immune parameters and oxidative stress of honey bees in a field experiment.. Front. Physiol. 2022;13:1000944.
- Jovanovic N.M., Glavinic U., Ristanic M., Vejnovic B., Ilic T., Stevanovic J., Stanimirovic Z.. Effects of plant-based supplement on oxidative stress of honey bees (Apis mellifera) infected with Nosema ceranae.. Animals 2023;13:3543.
- Dolasevic S., Stevanovic J., Aleksic N., Glavinic U., Deletic N., Mladenovic M., Stanimirovic Z.. The effect of diet types on some quality characteristics of artificially reared Apis mellifera queens.. J. Apicult. Res. 2020;59:115–123.
- Glavinic U., Stankovic B., Draskovic V., Stevanovic J., Petrovic T., Lakic N., Stanimirovic Z.. Dietary amino acid and vitamin complex protects honey bee from immunosuppression caused by Nosema ceranae.. PLoS ONE 2017;12:e0187726.
- Glavinic U., Stevanovic J., Ristanic M., Rajkovic M., Davitkov D., Lakic N., Stanimirovic Z.. Potential of fumagillin and Agaricus blazei mushroom extract to reduce Nosema ceranae in honey bees.. Insects 2021;12:282.
- Glavinic U., Rajkovic M., Vunduk J., Vejnovic B., Stevanovic J., Milenkovic I., Stanimirovic Z.. Effects of Agaricus bisporus mushroom extract on honey bees infected with Nosema ceranae.. Insects 2021;12:915.
- Glavinic U., Blagojevic J., Ristanic M., Stevanovic J., Lakic N., Mirilovic M., Stanimirovic Z.. Use of thymol in Nosema ceranae control and health improvement of infected honey bees.. Insects 2022;13:574.
- Taric E., Glavinic U., Vejnovic B., Stanojkovic A., Aleksic N., Dimitrijevic V., Stanimirovic Z.. Oxidative stress, endoparasite prevalence and social immunity in bee colonies kept traditionally vs. those kept for commercial purposes.. Insects 2020;11:266.
- Taric E., Glavinic U., Stevanovic J., Vejnovic B., Aleksic N., Dimitrijevic V., Stanimirovic Z.. Occurrence of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pathogens in commercial and traditional hives.. J. Apicult. Res. 2019;58:433–443.
- Rostaher A., Mueller R.S., Meile L., Favrot C., Fischer N.M.. Venom immunotherapy for Hymenoptera allergy in a dog.. Vet. Dermatol. 2021;32:206-e52.
- Moore A., Burrows A.K., Rosenkrantz W.S., Ghubash R.M., Hosgood G.. Modified rush venom immunotherapy in dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity.. Vet. Dermatol. 2023;34:532–542.
- Vazquez-Revuelta P., Madrigal-Burgaleta R.. Death due to live bee acupuncture apitherapy.. J. Investig. Allerg. Clin. 2018;28:45–46.
- Chen J., Lariviere W.R.. The nociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects of bee venom injection and therapy: A double-edged sword.. Prog. Neurobiol. 2010;92:151–183.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists