Biochemical and antioxidant changes in plasma and erythrocytes of pentathlon horses before and after exercise.
Abstract: Physical exercise in the horse induces a series of normal physiological and biochemical adaptations. Increasing metabolism and oxygen uptake may induce oxidative stress in various organs. The aim of this study was to examine exercise-induced changes in some plasma and RBC biochemical and antioxidant variables in pentathlon horses. Blood samples were taken from 14 horses before, immediately after, and 24 hours after competing in two 1-minute runs of intense exercise over jumps. The peak intensity periods were preceded by a 20-minute warm-up and separated by a 20-minute break. The following plasma biochemical analytes were determined: total protein, uric acid, and lactate concentrations, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) also were measured. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total protein concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in RBC hemolysates. Significantly increased concentrations of total protein, lactate, and FRAP, and increased activities of CK and LDH were observed immediately postexercise compared with pre-exercise samples (P<0.05). All results returned to approximately initial values after 24 hours of rest. RBC GSH and TBARS concentrations did not change immediately after exercise, but decreased after 24 hours of rest (P<0.05). Plasma uric acid and FRAP values were positively correlated in a linear model (r = 0.78). In summary, the type of exercise applied in this study, which can be considered quite usual for pentathlon horses, caused detectable biochemical and lipid peroxidative changes in plasma and RBCs. FRAP and TAS values changed in opposite directions, indicating that when antioxidant capacity is assessed using different methods, highly different results may be obtained.
Publication Date: 2002-05-25 PubMed ID: 12024305DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2001.tb00434.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research aimed to understand the physiological and biochemical changes in pentathlon horses subjected to intense exercise. The study explored how exercise influences antioxidant variables in plasma and RBCs in these horses and found that certain biochemical levels increased immediately after exercise before returning to normal levels after rest.
Objectives and Methodology
- The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effects of intense exercise – in this case, two 1-minute runs with jumps – on the biochemistry and antioxidant activity in the plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) of 14 pentathlon horses.
- The researchers took blood samples from these horses before, right after, and 24 hours after the exercise session. Each intense exercise session was preceded by a 20-minute warm-up and followed by a 20-minute break.
- Using these blood samples, the research team assessed various biochemical properties — total protein, uric acid, and lactate concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities. They also measured the Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and the Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) in plasma.
- In RBCs, they analysed the level of Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), total protein content, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Findings and Analysis
- The results revealed significant increases in total protein, lactate, and FRAP concentrations, as well as increased CK and LDH activities, immediately after exercise compared to pre-exercise samples.
- All the biochemistry assessed returned to approximately initial values after the horses were allowed to rest for 24 hours.
- However, the researchers observed that the GSH and TBARS concentrations in RBC did not change immediately after exercise but decreased after 24 hours of rest.
- The study also found a positive linear correlation between plasma uric acid and FRAP values.
- The researchers concluded that the type of exercise performed, which is common for pentathlon horses, led to noticeable changes in the biochemistry and lipid peroxidation processes in plasma and RBCs.
- Interestingly, the FRAP and TAS values changed in opposite directions, which indicates dramatically different results when assessing antioxidant capacity using different methods.
This study provides valuable insights into understanding the biochemical and antioxidant changes in horses subjected to intense physical exercise. It also highlights the need for more accurate assessment methods for antioxidant capacity in such contexts.
Cite This Article
APA
Balogh N, Gaál T, Ribiczeyné PS, Petri A.
(2002).
Biochemical and antioxidant changes in plasma and erythrocytes of pentathlon horses before and after exercise.
Vet Clin Pathol, 30(4), 214-218.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2001.tb00434.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary. nbalogh@univet.hu
Citations
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