Biochemical characterization and surfactant properties of horse allergens.
Abstract: A new allergen from horse dander, Equ c 5 has been purified. Its biochemical and biophysical properties have been characterized and compared with those of Equ c 1, Equ c 2 and Equ c 4. Their molecular masses, determined by mass spectrometry, were 22 kDa for Equ c 1, 16 kDa for Equ c 2, 18.7 kDa for Equ c 4 and 16.7 kDa for Equ c 5. Their pI values were between 3.8 and 5.25. Equ c 2 and Equ c 5 are not glycosylated, while Equ c 4 contains a tri-antennary tri-sialylated N-linked glycan. Linkages of terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid to galactose were: alpha-(2-->6) in Equ c 4, and both alpha-(2-->3) and alpha-(2-->6) in Equ c 1. Oligosaccharide portions of Equ c 1 or Equ c 4 were barely involved in IgE-immunoreactivity. Partial N-terminal sequence of Equ c 4 shares a significant sequence homology with the rat submandibular gland protein A. No matching was found for two internal peptides of Equ c 5. Surfactant properties of horse allergens as well as other proteins were investigated. In contrast to Equ c 2 and Equ c 3, solutions of Equ c 1, Equ c 4 and Equ c 5 significantly lowered the surface tension. Relationship between a property such as this, involving oriented hydrophobic patches of a molecule and allergenicity, is addressed.
Publication Date: 2001-05-19 PubMed ID: 11358533DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02217.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The article details the purification and characterization of a newly discovered allergen found in horse dander, known as Equ c 5. The allergen’s properties were compared to those of similar allergens, Equ c 1, Equ c 2 and Equ c 4. The study also investigates the surfactant properties and allergenicity of the proteins.
Characterization of Allergens
- The allergens Equ c 1, Equ c 2, Equ c 4 and Equ c 5 were studied for their biochemical and biophysical properties.
- Their molecular masses, determined by mass spectrometry were: 22 kDa for Equ c 1, 16 kDa for Equ c 2, 18.7 kDa for Equ c 4 and 16.7 kDa for Equ c 5.
- The pI values of the allergens, which are measures of acidity, were found to be between 3.8 and 5.25, suggesting they are mildly acidic proteins.
Glycosylation of Allergens
- Glycosylation, the process of adding carbohydrate groups to a protein, was investigated in all allergens. Equ c 2 and Equ c 5 were found to be not glycosylated, while Equ c 4 was found to have a tri-antennary tri-sialylated N-linked glycan, a specific structure of carbohydrate.
- The linkages of terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid to galactose, a type of sugar connection in the carbohydrate group, varied among allergens.
- The oligosaccharide portions of Equ c 1 or Equ c 4 were noted to have little role in IgE-immunoreactivity, which is related to the allergic reaction in the body.
Protein Sequence Homology and Surfactant Properties
- A partial N-terminal sequence of Equ c 4 was found to have significant sequence homology with the rat submandibular gland protein A, suggesting similarities between the horse allergen and this rat protein.
- Surfactant properties of the horse allergens were investigated. Surfactants lower the surface tension of a liquid. Equ c 1, Equ c 4 and Equ c 5 were found to significantly lower surface tension when in solution, unlike Equ c 2 and Equ c 3.
- The relationship between surfaces’ hydrophobicity and the allergenicity is also addressed in the study.
Cite This Article
APA
Goubran Botros H, Poncet P, Rabillon J, Fontaine T, Laval JM, David B.
(2001).
Biochemical characterization and surfactant properties of horse allergens.
Eur J Biochem, 268(10), 3126-3136.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02217.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Unité d'Immuno-Allergie, Institut Pasteur, Paris France. hgbotros@pasteur.fr
MeSH Terms
- Allergens / chemistry
- Allergens / metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Glycoproteins / chemistry
- Glycoproteins / metabolism
- Glycosylation
- Horses
- Humans
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Immunoglobulin E / metabolism
- Isoelectric Focusing
- Kinetics
- Mass Spectrometry
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monosaccharides / chemistry
- Oligosaccharides / chemistry
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Surface-Active Agents / chemistry
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 15 times.- Victor S, Lampa E, Rask Andersen A, Gafvelin G, Grönlund H, Elfman L. Measurement of Horse Allergens Equ c 1 and Equ c 2: A Comparison among Breeds.. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2022;183(11):1166-1177.
- Popescu FD, Ganea CS, Panaitescu C, Vieru M. Molecular diagnosis in cat allergy.. World J Methodol 2021 May 20;11(3):46-60.
- Haka J, Niemi MH, Mattila P, Jänis J, Takkinen K, Rouvinen J. Development of hypoallergenic variants of the major horse allergen Equ c 1 for immunotherapy by rational structure based engineering.. Sci Rep 2019 Dec 27;9(1):20148.
- Victor S, Binnmyr J, Lampa E, Rask-Andersen A, Elfman L. Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander and saliva from ten horse breeds.. Clin Exp Allergy 2019 May;49(5):701-711.
- Zahradnik E, Janssen-Weets B, Sander I, Kendzia B, Mitlehner W, May C, Raulf M. Lower allergen levels in hypoallergenic Curly Horses? A comparison among breeds by measurements of horse allergens in hair and air samples.. PLoS One 2018;13(12):e0207871.
- Zahradnik E, Raulf M. Respiratory Allergens from Furred Mammals: Environmental and Occupational Exposure.. Vet Sci 2017 Aug 4;4(3).
- Hilger C, van Hage M, Kuehn A. Diagnosis of Allergy to Mammals and Fish: Cross-Reactive vs. Specific Markers.. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017 Aug 22;17(9):64.
- Zahradnik E, Raulf M. Animal allergens and their presence in the environment.. Front Immunol 2014;5:76.
- Vance SJ, McDonald RE, Cooper A, Smith BO, Kennedy MW. The structure of latherin, a surfactant allergen protein from horse sweat and saliva.. J R Soc Interface 2013 Aug 6;10(85):20130453.
- Gawlik R, Pitsch T, Dubuske L. Anaphylaxis as a manifestation of horse allergy.. World Allergy Organ J 2009 Aug;2(8):185-9.
- Hilger C, Kuehn A, Hentges F. Animal lipocalin allergens.. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2012 Oct;12(5):438-47.
- Liccardi G, Emenius G, Merritt AS, Salzillo A, D'Amato M, D'Amato G. Direct and indirect exposure to horse: risk for sensitization and asthma.. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2012 Oct;12(5):429-37.
- Bartlett JA, Gakhar L, Penterman J, Singh PK, Mallampalli RK, Porter E, McCray PB Jr. PLUNC: a multifunctional surfactant of the airways.. Biochem Soc Trans 2011 Aug;39(4):1012-6.
- Gakhar L, Bartlett JA, Penterman J, Mizrachi D, Singh PK, Mallampalli RK, Ramaswamy S, McCray PB Jr. PLUNC is a novel airway surfactant protein with anti-biofilm activity.. PLoS One 2010 Feb 9;5(2):e9098.
- McDonald RE, Fleming RI, Beeley JG, Bovell DL, Lu JR, Zhao X, Cooper A, Kennedy MW. Latherin: a surfactant protein of horse sweat and saliva.. PLoS One 2009 May 29;4(5):e5726.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
