Blood Storage Conditions Affect Hematological Analysis in Samples From Healthy Donkeys and Donkeys With Experimentally-Induced Endotoxemia.
Abstract: Preanalytical factors such as storage time and temperature are proved to induce marked artifactual changes in hematological parameters in horses, small animals and humans. These errors can mirror findings typical of endotoxemia, leading to dangerous misdiagnosis. Since donkeys are common in warm climates and remote regions, blood samples from this species can be subjected to long lasting travels from the farm to the nearest laboratory, frequently under suboptimal conditions. Moreover, as other equids, donkeys are prone to suffer endotoxemia. Nonetheless, stability has not been evaluated in samples for hematology in this species. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of temperature and storage time in hematological parameters from healthy donkeys and donkeys with induced endotoxemia. Blood samples were collected from six healthy female Andalusian donkeys and stored for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at several temperatures (4, 24, and 35°C). Endotoxemia was induced in the same animals by an intravenous LPS infusion and samples obtained 30 min post-infusion were handled similarly. Hematological analysis was performed using a laser-based analyzer and blood smear examination. Storage at 24°C caused significant neutropenia after 48 h as well as morphological changes typical of endotoxemia in blood from healthy donkeys as soon as 24 h post-storage. Samples kept at 35°C displayed more profound and earlier artifactual variations. Conservation at 4°C did not cause any significant change in blood parameters. Prolonged (48 h) storage of samples from animals with induced endotoxemia at 24 and 35°C accentuated pre-existing leukopenia and neutropenia. These findings highlight that donkey samples should be stored at 4°C, instead of 24°C as recommended for horses. Moreover, blood smear interpretation should be cautious in samples stored for longer than 24 h and could be misleading when blood is kept at 35°C.
Copyright © 2020 Perez-Ecija, Buzon-Cuevas, Aguilera-Aguilera, Gonzalez-De Cara and Mendoza.
Publication Date: 2020-09-10 PubMed ID: 33134340PubMed Central: PMC7511718DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00640Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research investigates the influence of storage time and temperature on the hematological parameters of blood samples from healthy donkeys and those with induced endotoxemia. The study reveals that storing these samples at 4°C leads to the least changes, while elevated temperatures and prolonged storage distort the results, possibly causing misleading diagnoses.
Research Background
- The researchers aimed to understand the impact of different storage conditions on the blood samples of donkeys, a subject that previously hadn’t been investigated.
- Donkeys, common in warm and remote climates, often have blood samples that are transported great distances under varying conditions to laboratories.
- The relevance of identifying how these samples respond to storage conditions stems from the fact that donkeys are susceptible to endotoxemia, a condition characterized by the presence of harmful bacteria in the blood.
Research Methodology
- Blood samples were obtained from six healthy female Andalusian donkeys.
- These samples were stored at different temperatures (4, 24, and 35°C) for varying periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours).
- Endotoxemia was then deliberately induced in the same donkeys, and blood samples taken 30 minutes after the introduction of the toxins were stored and analyzed in the same way.
- The hematological analysis was conducted by using a laser-based analyzer and by examining a blood smear under a microscope.
Research Findings and Observations
- Storing the samples at 24°C led to significant decreases in neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, after 48 hours. These samples also showed morphological changes typical of endotoxemia within 24 hours of storage.
- When samples were stored at 35°C, the changes were more drastic and occurred more promptly.
- Blood samples stored at 4°C showed no noteworthy alterations in their hematological parameters.
- Storage of blood samples from endotoxemic animals at 24°C and 35°C for 48 hours amplified the already existing conditions of leukopenia (low white blood cell count) and neutropenia.
Conclusions and Implications
- The research findings highlight that for donkey blood samples, unlike horse blood samples, the recommended storage temperature should be 4°C, not 24°C.
- A careful interpretation of blood smear results from samples stored more than 24 hours is crucial as the results may be misleading, especially when the samples are stored at 35°C.
Cite This Article
APA
Perez-Ecija A, Buzon-Cuevas A, Aguilera-Aguilera R, Gonzalez-De Cara CA, Mendoza FJ.
(2020).
Blood Storage Conditions Affect Hematological Analysis in Samples From Healthy Donkeys and Donkeys With Experimentally-Induced Endotoxemia.
Front Vet Sci, 7, 640.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00640 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Mendoza FJ, Buzon-Cuevas A, Aguilera-Aguilera R, Gonzalez-De Cara CA, De Las Heras A, Perez-Ecija A. Hemodynamic Response to Lipopolysaccharide Infusion and Effect of Meloxicam Administration on Cardiac Function in Donkeys. Animals (Basel) 2024 Dec 18;14(24).
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