Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophilia is associated with the severity of pulmonary lesions during equine asthma exacerbations.
Abstract: The severe form of equine asthma is associated with pathological changes of the peripheral airways and pulmonary parenchyma that are only partly described. Also, the relationship between these structural alterations and the percentage of neutrophils found within the airway lumen, assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, remains ill-defined. Objective: To examine the histological lesions associated with equine asthma during disease exacerbation and remission, and their relationship with lung function and BALF neutrophilia. Methods: Observational retrospective study. Methods: Peripheral lung tissues, BALF cytology and lung function data from 61 horses (22 controls, 24 asthma exacerbations and 15 asthma remission) were obtained from an equine pulmonary tissue bank. Two pathologists semi-quantitatively assessed histological features, including airway wall inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, mucus cell hyperplasia, mucostasis, peribronchiolar metaplasia, presence of granuloma and the overall severity of these lesions. Results: Mucostasis, mucus cell hyperplasia, peribronchiolar metaplasia and interstitial fibrosis were associated with disease exacerbation (P≤0.05), and these changes were all attenuated during remission. Airway wall inflammation was greater in horses with asthma in exacerbation compared with horses with asthma in remission and control horses (P≤0.05). Acute (neutrophilic) airway wall inflammation was more frequently detected in asthmatic cases compared with control horses (P5% in control horses (P = 0.002). The degree of bronchiolar inflammation was higher in asthmatic horses in remission stabled and treated pharmacologically compared with those kept on pasture (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Samples obtained from a convenient cohort of horses were studied. Conclusions: Severely asthmatic horses present parenchymal and peribronchial/peribronchiolar lesions possibly contributing to the obstructive nature of the disease.
© 2018 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2018-02-07 PubMed ID: 29341228DOI: 10.1111/evj.12806Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Airway Disease
- Asthma
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Disease Severity
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Fibrosis
- Inflammation
- Lung Health
- Neutrophils
- Observational Study
- Pathogenesis
- Pulmonary Health
- Respiratory Disease
- Retrospective Study
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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This research study observes the relationship between histological changes and lung function in severely asthmatic horses, as well as the influence of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophilia on these changes.
Objective and Methodology
- The study aimed to explore the histological abnormalities seen in equine asthma during periods of exacerbation and remission, and their relationship with lung function and BALF neutrophilia.
- In the study, the researchers used peripheral lung tissues, BALF cytology, and lung function data from 61 horses. These horses fell into three categories: controls (22 horses), those experiencing asthma exacerbation (24 horses), and those in asthma remission (15 horses).
- All data used in the study was obtained from an equine pulmonary tissue bank. Histological features such as airway wall inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, mucus cell hyperplasia, mucostasis, peribronchiolar metaplasia, and the presence of granuloma were evaluated semi-quantitatively by two pathologists.
Results and Findings
- The study found that mucostasis, mucus cell hyperplasia, peribronchiolar metaplasia, and interstitial fibrosis were all associated with periods of asthma exacerbation. These pathological changes were reduced during remission.
- There was exhibited elevated airway wall inflammation in horses experiencing asthma exacerbation, in comparison to horses in remission or control horses.
- Acute (neutrophilic) airway wall inflammation was more commonly observed in asthmatic horses than in control horses. It was found to be linked with greater than 5% BALF neutrophilia in control horses.
- Among the horses in remission, those stabled and treated pharmacologically showed a higher degree of bronchiolar inflammation than those kept on pasture.
Conclusions
- The research concluded that horses with severe asthma present parenchymal and peribronchial/peribronchiolar lesions, which could contribute to the obstructive nature of the disease.
- Thus, the study highlights a relationship between severity of asthmatic symptoms in horses, histopathological changes in the lungs as well as BALF neutrophilia.
Cite This Article
APA
Bullone M, Joubert P, Gagné A, Lavoie JP, Hélie P.
(2018).
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophilia is associated with the severity of pulmonary lesions during equine asthma exacerbations.
Equine Vet J, 50(5), 609-615.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12806 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Q, Canada.
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Q, Q, Canada.
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Q, Q, Canada.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Q, Canada.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Q, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / therapeutic use
- Animals
- Asthma / veterinary
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Lung / pathology
- Male
- Neutrophils / physiology
- Retrospective Studies
- Tissue Banks
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Woodrow JS, Sheats MK, Cooper B, Bayless R. Asthma: The Use of Animal Models and Their Translational Utility.. Cells 2023 Apr 5;12(7).
- Woodrow JS, Hines M, Sommardahl C, Flatland B, Lo Y, Wang Z, Sheats MK, Lennon EM. Initial investigation of molecular phenotypes of airway mast cells and cytokine profiles in equine asthma.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:997139.
- Janssen P, Tosi I, Hego A, Maréchal P, Marichal T, Radermecker C. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Found in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids of Horses With Severe Asthma and Correlate With Asthma Severity.. Front Immunol 2022;13:921077.
- Basano I, Romolo A, Iamone G, Memoli G, Riccio B, Lavoie JP, Miniscalco B, Bullone M. Giant Multinucleated Cells Are Associated with Mastocytic Inflammatory Signature Equine Asthma.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 20;12(9).
- Stucchi L, Ferrucci F, Bullone M, Dellacà RL, Lavoie JP. Within-Breath Oscillatory Mechanics in Horses Affected by Severe Equine Asthma in Exacerbation and in Remission of the Disease.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Dec 21;12(1).
- Lee GKC, Beeler-Marfisi J, Viel L, Piché É, Kang H, Sears W, Bienzle D. Bronchial brush cytology, endobronchial biopsy, and SALSA immunohistochemistry in severe equine asthma.. Vet Pathol 2022 Jan;59(1):100-111.
- Bessonnat A, Hélie P, Grimes C, Lavoie JP. Airway remodeling in horses with mild and moderate asthma.. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Jan;36(1):285-291.
- Mainguy-Seers S, Lavoie JP. Glucocorticoid treatment in horses with asthma: A narrative review.. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Jul;35(4):2045-2057.
- Pirie RS, Mueller HW, Engel O, Albrecht B, von Salis-Soglio M. Inhaled ciclesonide is efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of severe equine asthma in a large prospective European clinical trial.. Equine Vet J 2021 Nov;53(6):1094-1104.
- Ceriotti S, Bullone M, Leclere M, Ferrucci F, Lavoie JP. Severe asthma is associated with a remodeling of the pulmonary arteries in horses.. PLoS One 2020;15(10):e0239561.
- Hulliger MF, Pacholewska A, Vargas A, Lavoie JP, Leeb T, Gerber V, Jagannathan V. An Integrative miRNA-mRNA Expression Analysis Reveals Striking Transcriptomic Similarities between Severe Equine Asthma and Specific Asthma Endotypes in Humans.. Genes (Basel) 2020 Sep 28;11(10).
- Couetil L, Cardwell JM, Leguillette R, Mazan M, Richard E, Bienzle D, Bullone M, Gerber V, Ivester K, Lavoie JP, Martin J, Moran G, Niedźwiedź A, Pusterla N, Swiderski C. Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:450.
- Lee EA, Johnson LR, Johnson EG, Vernau W. Clinical features and radiographic findings in cats with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and mixed airway inflammation (2011-2018).. J Vet Intern Med 2020 May;34(3):1291-1299.
- Sheats MK, Davis KU, Poole JA. Comparative Review of Asthma in Farmers and Horses.. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019 Oct 10;19(11):50.
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