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Calprotectin in myeloid and epithelial cells of laminae from horses with black walnut extract-induced laminitis.
Abstract: Laminar inflammation is one of the earliest events in equine laminitis. Calprotectin (CP), a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern protein, is overexpressed in inflammatory conditions of human skin. Objective: CP is overexpressed in the laminar epidermis of horses with black walnut extract (BWE)-induced laminitis. Methods: Twenty adult horses. Methods: Experimental study. Horses were allocated to one of 4 groups. BWE was administered to horses in 3 groups, which were sampled 1.5, 3, and 12 hours (LAM) later. CP was visualized by immunohistochemistry. Laminar leukocyte counts and intensity of laminar epithelial staining were scored for all animals and statistically analyzed. Results: Laminar epidermal CP signal was significantly increased (P= .02) at the LAM time point, compared with other groups. Rare leukocytes were detected in laminae with CP staining in CON group, but there were marked increases in number of leukocytes in BWE-treated groups (P= .003). Sequential hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that the majority of CP-positive leukocytes were perivascular polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) at each of the developmental time points. CP-positive PMN and mononuclear cells were detected in perivascular locations and close to the epidermal basement membrane in the LAM group. Conclusions: CP expression in the laminar epidermis occurs after extravasation of leukocytes, indicating that leukocyte emigration might be an initiating factor in laminar epithelial stress and inflammation in BWE-induced laminitis. These results indicate a possible role of CP in laminitis pathophysiology and laminar failure.
Publication Date: 2009-01-30 PubMed ID: 19175737DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0241.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The study examines the overexpression of Calprotectin, a protein associated with inflammation, in horses suffering from Black Walnut Extract-induced laminitis — an inflammatory disease of the hoof. The researchers found that this protein appears significantly more in affected horses, suggesting its possible role in the development and progression of the disease condition.
Objective and Methods
- The main objective of this experimental study was to investigate the expression of Calprotectin in the hoof tissue (laminae) of horses infected with laminitis, particularly induced by Black Walnut Extract (BWE).
- Twenty adult horses were used for the experiment and were allocated to one of four groups. Three of these groups were administered BWE, after which samples were taken at 1.5, 3, and 12-hour intervals.
- The visualization of Calprotectin in the tissue samples was accomplished through a technique known as immunohistochemistry. This allowed the researchers to detect and locate the presence of Calprotectin, associated with inflammation, in the tissue samples.
- Additionally, the laminae of all animals were examined for leukocyte (white blood cells) counts and the intensity of Calprotectin staining was scored.
Results
- The study found an increased presence of Calprotectin in the hoof tissues of horses with BWE-induced laminitis, particularly at the 12-hour mark, indicating an elevation in local tissue inflammation.
- The leukocyte analysis showed a significant increase in white blood cells within the laminae of BWE-treated horses. These cells, particularly polymorphonuclear neutrophils, were mostly found around blood vessels at all the sampled stages of the disease.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that the expression of Calprotectin in the laminae occurs after the migration of leukocytes, suggesting that the migration of these inflammatory cells might be an initial factor in the development of stress and inflammation in laminitis.
- These results highlight the potential role of Calprotectin in the pathophysiology (functional changes associated with disease) of laminitis, contributing to our understanding of the disease and possibly serving as a diagnostic or therapeutic target in the future.
Cite This Article
APA
Faleiros RR, Nuovo GJ, Belknap JK.
(2009).
Calprotectin in myeloid and epithelial cells of laminae from horses with black walnut extract-induced laminitis.
J Vet Intern Med, 23(1), 174-181.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0241.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Epithelial Cells / metabolism
- Foot Diseases / chemically induced
- Foot Diseases / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / chemically induced
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Juglans / chemistry
- Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / metabolism
- Myeloid Cells / metabolism
- Plant Extracts / toxicity
- Protein Transport
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Muñoz-Prieto A, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Cerón JJ, Ayala de la Peña I, Martín-Cuervo M, Eckersall PD, Holm Henriksen IM, Tecles F, Hansen S. Changes in Calprotectin (S100A8-A9) and Aldolase in the Saliva of Horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 16;13(8).
- Cassimeris L, Engiles JB, Galantino-Homer H. Interleukin-17A pathway target genes are upregulated in Equus caballus supporting limb laminitis. PLoS One 2020;15(12):e0232920.
- Armstrong C, Cassimeris L, Da Silva Santos C, Micoogullari Y, Wagner B, Babasyan S, Brooks S, Galantino-Homer H. The expression of equine keratins K42 and K124 is restricted to the hoof epidermal lamellae of Equus caballus. PLoS One 2019;14(9):e0219234.
- Watts MR, Hegedus OC, Eades SC, Belknap JK, Burns TA. Association of sustained supraphysiologic hyperinsulinemia and inflammatory signaling within the digital lamellae in light-breed horses. J Vet Intern Med 2019 May;33(3):1483-1492.
- Dern K, van Eps A, Wittum T, Watts M, Pollitt C, Belknap J. Effect of Continuous Digital Hypothermia on Lamellar Inflammatory Signaling When Applied at a Clinically-Relevant Timepoint in the Oligofructose Laminitis Model. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Jan;32(1):450-458.
- Schnabel CL, Steinig P, Koy M, Schuberth HJ, Juhls C, Oswald D, Wittig B, Willenbrock S, Murua Escobar H, Pfarrer C, Wagner B, Jaehnig P, Moritz A, Feige K, Cavalleri JM. Immune response of healthy horses to DNA constructs formulated with a cationic lipid transfection reagent. BMC Vet Res 2015 Jun 23;11:140.
- Leise BS, Watts MR, Roy S, Yilmaz AS, Alder H, Belknap JK. Use of laser capture microdissection for the assessment of equine lamellar basal epithelial cell signalling in the early stages of laminitis. Equine Vet J 2015 Jul;47(4):478-88.
- Sävilammi T, Alakangas RR, Häyrynen T, Uusi-Heikkilä S. Gut Microbiota Profiling as a Promising Tool to Detect Equine Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Animals (Basel) 2024 Aug 18;14(16).
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