This research article explores the relationship between Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) and Sirtuins in improving the fertility of mares (female horses). It delves into the possible application of NAD-elevating agents to activate Sirtuin proteins towards enhancing equine breeding and embryo production.

Background of the Study

• The study primarily reflects concerns about a decrease in the reproductive capability of horses. This decline is largely due to breeding mares at an older age, following the end of their racing career.
• It also notes the increasing significance of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) and Sirtuins in oocyte maturation and embryo development, which are crucial to enhancing fertility.

Involvement of NAD and Sirtuins in Fertility

• Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It has recently been discovered to play a significant role in fertility by being involved in the activation of Sirtuins.
• Sirtuins are a family of proteins that influence cellular processes including aging, transcription, inflammation, stress resistance, and energy efficiency, many of which have a bearing on fertility.
• Increased understanding of the role of NAD and Sirtuins in fertility could open up new avenues for improving horse fertility and horse breeding.

Application of NAD-Elevating Agents on Sirtuin Proteins

• The study speculates the use of NAD-elevating agents for activating Sirtuin proteins, which could consequently improve equine breeding and embryo production.
• It suggests that these agents might help enhance both in vivo (occurring within the organism) and in vitro (occurring outside the organism in a controlled environment such as a test tube) breeding programs.

Challenges and Future Research

• Studying equine fertility presents complex challenges and researchers express the need for more advanced reproductive technologies in horse breeding – similar to those used in other livestock species like cattle.
• While the role of NAD and Sirtuins in fertility presents promise, there remains much more to know about oocyte maturation, early embryo development, and other stages in mare reproduction.