Candida tropicalis isolates obtained from veterinary sources show resistance to azoles and produce virulence factors.
Abstract: Candida tropicalis has been associated with invasive candidiasis, being the first or second most common non-Candida albicans Candida species isolated in humans with candidemia and candiduria, as well as being frequently isolated from healthy animals. This study aimed to characterize C. tropicalis isolates (n = 64) obtained from several animal species regarding antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence factors. The isolates were obtained from the microbiota of healthy animals (goats, n = 25; sheep, n = 6; psittacines, n = 14; rheas, n = 6; horses, n = 2; sirenians, n = 5; shrimp, n = 1), as well as from aquatic mammals found dead in the environment (cetaceans, n = 5). The isolates were subjected to in vitro susceptibility testing by broth microdilution according to the CLSI M27-A3 protocol against amphotericin B, caspofungin, itraconazole, and fluconazole. We also evaluated the virulence attributes, such as proteases and phospholipases, as well as biofilm formation. Resistance to itraconazole (n = 29) and fluconazole (n = 30) was detected among isolates from every source; resistance to both azoles was detected in 24 isolates, but none of them were resistant to amphotericin B and caspofungin. Protease production was detected in the majority of the isolates (n = 59), but phospholipase was produced by only a few of them (n = 6). The isolates showed different patterns in biofilm production, being considered strong producers (n = 41), moderate producers (n = 11), weak producers (n = 9) or non-producers (n = 3). In summary, C. tropicalis isolated from animals showed high rate of resistance to azoles, expressed virulence factors and therefore may represent a potential threat to human and animal health.
© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Publication Date: 2014-12-30 PubMed ID: 25550392DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu081Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research investigates the resistance of Candida tropicalis isolates from animals to certain antifungal substances and their production of virulence factors, which could pose a threat to human and animal health.
Research Objectives
- The main aim of this study was to understand the characteristics of Candida tropicalis isolates that were obtained from different species of animals. These characteristics were specifically regarding their susceptibility to various antifungal treatments, and their ability to produce virulence factors.
- The researchers also aimed to identify potential threats to human and animal health due to the resistance of these isolates to antifungal treatments.
Methodology
- 64 isolates of Candida tropicalis were taken from the microbiota of various healthy animal species and from aquatic mammals found dead in the environment.
- In vitro susceptibility tests were performed on these isolates using the broth microdilution method in accordance with the CLSI M27-A3 protocol. These tests were conducted against antifungal substances like amphotericin B, caspofungin, itraconazole, and fluconazole.
- The research also analyzed the production of virulence factors by these isolates, focusing on biomarkers such as proteases, phospholipases and biofilm formation.
Results and Conclusions
- Among all the sources, resistance to itraconazole was observed in 29 isolates and fluconazole in 30 isolates. A total of 24 isolates showed resistance to both these azoles. However, no resistance was observed against amphotericin B and caspofungin.
- Protease production was observed in the majority of these isolates, while phospholipase production was noted in only a few.
- Moreover, these isolates varied in their biofilm production capabilities, with 41 of them being strong producers, 11 of them being moderate producers, 9 of them being weak producers and 3 being non-producers.
- The research concludes that Candida tropicalis isolates obtained from animals showed a high level of resistance to azoles and they are able to express virulence factors, possibly making them a potential threat to human and animal health.
Cite This Article
APA
Cordeiro Rde A, de Oliveira JS, Castelo-Branco Dde S, Teixeira CE, Marques FJ, Bittencourt PV, Carvalho VL, Bandeira Tde J, Brilhante RS, Moreira JL, Pereira-Neto Wde A, Sidrim JJ, Rocha MF.
(2014).
Candida tropicalis isolates obtained from veterinary sources show resistance to azoles and produce virulence factors.
Med Mycol, 53(2), 145-152.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myu081 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil rossanacordeiro@ufc.br.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil School of Medicine, Christus College - UNICHRISTUS, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil School of Veterinary, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Domestic
- Animals, Wild
- Antifungal Agents / pharmacology
- Azoles / pharmacology
- Biofilms / growth & development
- Candida tropicalis / drug effects
- Candida tropicalis / enzymology
- Candida tropicalis / isolation & purification
- Candida tropicalis / physiology
- Drug Resistance, Fungal
- Enzymes / analysis
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Virulence Factors / analysis
Citations
This article has been cited 16 times.- da Rosa Pinheiro T, Dantas GA, da Silva JLG, Leal DBR, da Silva RB, de Lima Burgo TA, Santos RCV, Iglesias BA. The First Report of In Vitro Antifungal and Antibiofilm Photodynamic Activity of Tetra-Cationic Porphyrins Containing Pt(II) Complexes against Candida albicans for Onychomycosis Treatment.. Pharmaceutics 2023 May 16;15(5).
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