FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
American journal of veterinary research2000; 61(7); 731-737; doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.731

Cardiac output measured by lithium dilution, thermodilution, and transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in anesthetized horses.

Abstract: To assess the suitability of lithium dilution as a method for measuring cardiac output in anesthetized horses, compared with thermodilution and transesophageal Doppler echocardiography. Methods: 6 horses (3 Thoroughbreds, 3 crossbreeds). Methods: Cardiac output was measured in 6 anesthetized horses as lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO), thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO), and transesophageal Doppler echocardiographic cardiac output (DopplerCO). For the LiDCO measurements, lithium chloride was administered i.v., and cardiac output was derived from the arterial lithium dilution curve. Sodium nitroprusside, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and dobutamine hydrochloride were used to alter cardiac output. Experiments were divided into 4 periods. During each period, 3 LiDCO measurements, 3 DopplerCO measurements, and 3 sets of 3 TDCO measurements were obtained. Results: 70 comparisons were made between LiDCO, DopplerCO, and triplicate TDCO measurements over a range of 10 to 43 L/min. The mean (+/- SD) of the differences of LiDCO - TDCO was -0.86 +/- 2.80 L/min; LiDCO = -1.90 + 1.05 TDCO (r = 0.94). The mean of the differences of DopplerCO - TDCO was 1.82 +/- 2.67 L/min; DopplerCO = 2.36 + 0.98 TDCO (r = 0.94). The mean of the differences of LiDCO - DopplerCO was -2.68 +/- 3.01 L/min; LiDCO = -2.53 + 0.99 DopplerCO (r = 0.93). Conclusions: These results indicate that lithium dilution is a suitable method for measuring cardiac output in horses. As well as being accurate, it avoids the need for pulmonary artery catheterization and is quick and safe to use. Monitoring cardiac output during anesthesia in horses may help reduce the high anesthetic mortality in this species.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2000-07-15 PubMed ID: 10895891DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.731Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates if lithium dilution can be used to measure cardiac output in anesthetized horses and finds it to be an accurate and safe method, comparing favourably against thermodilution and transesophageal Doppler echocardiography. The researchers propose that this technique could help decrease anesthetic mortality in horses.

Research Methodology

  • The study involved six anesthetized horses, three of which were thoroughbreds and three crossbreeds.
  • The cardiac output of the horses was measured using three different methods: lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO), thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO), and transesophageal Doppler echocardiographic cardiac output (DopplerCO).
  • For LiDCO measurements, lithium chloride was administered intravenously. The cardiac output was subsequently determined by the arterial lithium dilution curve.
  • Drugs such as sodium nitroprusside, phenylephrine hydrochloride, and dobutamine hydrochloride were administered to the horses to alter their cardiac output. Measurements were taken during four different periods.
  • For each period, three measurements were taken for each method, adding up to a total of 70 comparisons for the three methods.

Findings and Results

  • The LiDCO measurements showed a mean difference of -0.86 +/- 2.80 L/min compared to the TDCO measurements. It had a correlation co-efficient (r) of 0.94 indicating a high correlation.
  • The DopplerCO measurements had a mean difference of 1.82 +/- 2.67 L/min with TDCO measurements and an r value of 0.94, also indicating a strong correlation.
  • The comparison between LiDCO and DopplerCO showed a mean difference of -2.68 +/- 3.01 L/min with a correlation co-efficient (r) of 0.93.

Conclusions

  • The results indicate that lithium dilution is a suitable method for determining cardiac output in horses.
  • This method avoids the need for pulmonary artery catheterization, reducing the complexity and risks associated with the procedure. It is also quick and safe to use.
  • Implementing LiDCO as a method for monitoring cardiac output during anesthesia in horses could potentially reduce the high anesthetic mortality rate observed in this species.

Cite This Article

APA
Linton RA, Young LE, Marlin DJ, Blissitt KJ, Brearley JC, Jonas MM, O'Brien TK, Linton NW, Band DM, Hollingworth C, Jones RS. (2000). Cardiac output measured by lithium dilution, thermodilution, and transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in anesthetized horses. Am J Vet Res, 61(7), 731-737. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.731

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0002-9645
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 61
Issue: 7
Pages: 731-737

Researcher Affiliations

Linton, R A
  • The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
Young, L E
    Marlin, D J
      Blissitt, K J
        Brearley, J C
          Jonas, M M
            O'Brien, T K
              Linton, N W
                Band, D M
                  Hollingworth, C
                    Jones, R S

                      MeSH Terms

                      • Animals
                      • Cardiac Output / physiology
                      • Cardiotonic Agents / administration & dosage
                      • Dobutamine / administration & dosage
                      • Echocardiography, Doppler / veterinary
                      • Echocardiography, Transesophageal / veterinary
                      • Horses / physiology
                      • Indicator Dilution Techniques / veterinary
                      • Ion-Selective Electrodes / veterinary
                      • Linear Models
                      • Lithium Chloride / administration & dosage
                      • Lithium Chloride / blood
                      • Nitroprusside / administration & dosage
                      • Phenylephrine / administration & dosage
                      • Regression Analysis
                      • Vasoconstrictor Agents / administration & dosage
                      • Vasodilator Agents / administration & dosage

                      Citations

                      This article has been cited 12 times.
                      1. Paranjape VV, Garcia-Pereira FL, Menciotti G, Saksena S, Henao-Guerrero N, Ricco-Pereira CH. Evaluation of Electrical Cardiometry for Measuring Cardiac Output and Derived Hemodynamic Variables in Comparison with Lithium Dilution in Anesthetized Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 20;13(14).
                        doi: 10.3390/ani13142362pubmed: 37508139google scholar: lookup
                      2. Wilkens HL, Neudeck S, Kästner SBR. Nasal and tracheobronchial nitric oxide production and its influence on oxygenation in horses undergoing total intravenous anaesthesia. BMC Vet Res 2022 Apr 11;18(1):134.
                        doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03234-3pubmed: 35410207google scholar: lookup
                      3. Noel-Morgan J, Muir WW. Anesthesia-Associated Relative Hypovolemia: Mechanisms, Monitoring, and Treatment Considerations. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:53.
                        doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00053pubmed: 29616230google scholar: lookup
                      4. Karrasch NM, Hubbell JA, Aarnes TK, Bednarski RM, Lerche P. Comparison of cardiorespiratory variables in dorsally recumbent horses anesthetized with guaifenesin-ketamine-xylazine spontaneously breathing 50% or maximal oxygen concentrations. Can Vet J 2015 Apr;56(4):387-92.
                        pubmed: 25829559
                      5. Gawlikowski M, Pustelny T. Investigations concerning the application of the cross-correlation method in cardiac output measurements. Biomed Eng Online 2012 May 20;11:24.
                        doi: 10.1186/1475-925X-11-24pubmed: 22607380google scholar: lookup
                      6. Cecconi M, Fawcett J, Grounds RM, Rhodes A. A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Accuracy of Pulse Power Analysis to Monitor Cardiac Output in Critically Ill Patients. BMC Anesthesiol 2008 Feb 18;8:3.
                        doi: 10.1186/1471-2253-8-3pubmed: 18282275google scholar: lookup
                      7. Costa MG, Della Rocca G, Chiarandini P, Mattelig S, Pompei L, Barriga MS, Reynolds T, Cecconi M, Pietropaoli P. Continuous and intermittent cardiac output measurement in hyperdynamic conditions: pulmonary artery catheter vs. lithium dilution technique. Intensive Care Med 2008 Feb;34(2):257-63.
                        doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0878-6pubmed: 17922106google scholar: lookup
                      8. Cecconi M, Reynolds TE, Al-Subaie N, Rhodes A. Haemodynamic monitoring in acute heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2007 Jun;12(2):105-11.
                        doi: 10.1007/s10741-007-9010-9pubmed: 17447139google scholar: lookup
                      9. Pearse RM, Ikram K, Barry J. Equipment review: an appraisal of the LiDCO plus method of measuring cardiac output. Crit Care 2004 Jun;8(3):190-5.
                        doi: 10.1186/cc2852pubmed: 15153237google scholar: lookup
                      10. Mason DJ, O'Grady M, Woods JP, McDonell W. Comparison of a central and a peripheral (cephalic vein) injection site for the measurement of cardiac output using the lithium-dilution cardiac output technique in anesthetized dogs. Can J Vet Res 2002 Jul;66(3):207-10.
                        pubmed: 12146894
                      11. Le-Bert CR, Bukoski A, Downs J, Hodgson DS, Thombs L, Ridgway SH, Bailey J. Apneustic anesthesia ventilation improves pulmonary function in anesthetized bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1287478.
                        doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1287478pubmed: 38645641google scholar: lookup
                      12. Kieffer PJ, Williams JM, Shepard MK, Giguère S, Epstein KL. Effect of Hypotension and Dobutamine on Gastrointestinal Microcirculations of Healthy, Anesthetized Horses. Vet Sci 2024 Feb 19;11(2).
                        doi: 10.3390/vetsci11020095pubmed: 38393113google scholar: lookup
                      Subscribe to our newsletter
                      Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.