Cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane in ponies, after induction of anaesthesia with xylazine and ketamine.
Abstract: Cardiopulmonary parameters were measured in 12 ponies (small horses) before anaesthesia and, following induction with xylazine and ketamine, during maintenance of anaesthesia with desflurane. In six of the ponies (group A) anaesthesia was maintained for three hours with desflurane at an end-tidal concentration of 7.4 per cent. In the other six ponies (group B), anaesthesia was maintained in the same way for one hour and then the effects of end-tidal desflurane concentrations of 7.4 per cent and 9.6 per cent with and without artificial ventilation were investigated. In group A ponies the arterial blood pressure and the systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) decreased significantly during the first 45 minutes of anaesthesia but recovered with time. The cardiac index and heart rates were unchanged throughout the measurement period but arterial carbon dioxide tensions increased significantly. In group B ponies, with either mode of ventilation, increasing desflurane concentration resulted in decreases in arterial blood pressure, cardiac index and mixed venous oxygen tension, although the changes were not always statistically significant. There were marked individual differences in the cardiovascular responses to the high desflurane concentrations, the minimum mean arterial blood pressure ranging from 35 to 62 mm Hg, and the cardiac index from 23 to 50 ml/kg/min. The study concludes that during maintenance of anaesthesia with end tidal concentrations of desflurane of 7.4 per cent, cardiac index is well maintained and the initial fall in arterial blood pressures results from a fall in SVRI. However, increasing the concentration of desflurane causes a fall in blood pressure due to cardiac depression.
Publication Date: 1996-08-24 PubMed ID: 8873398DOI: 10.1136/vr.139.8.180Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research studied the effects of using drug Desflurane for maintaining anaesthesia in ponies after inducing it with Xylazine and Ketamine, recording significant changes in cardiopulmonary parameters during different stages and levels of anesthesia.
Research Design
- The study was conducted on 12 ponies, split into two groups (Group A and Group B), each having six members.
- The researchers measured cardiopulmonary parameters such as arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, heart rate, systolic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and arterial carbon dioxide tensions before anesthesia was induced, and throughout the maintenance of anesthesia with Desflurane.
Group A Observations
- In group A, the anesthesia was maintained for three hours with Desflurane at an end-tidal concentration of 7.4 per cent.
- During the first 45 minutes of anesthesia, there was a significant drop in the ponies’ arterial blood pressure and SVRI, but these figures recovered over time.
- The cardiac index and heart rates remained unchanged throughout the maintenance of anesthesia.
- However, arterial carbon dioxide tensions did increase significantly during the measurement period.
Group B Observations
- Group B ponies were maintained with the same method of anaesthesia for an initial hour. After this, the effect of end-tidal Desflurane concentrations of 7.4 per cent and 9.6 per cent were investigated by altering artificial ventilation conditions.
- Increasing Desflurane concentration led to decreases in arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, and mixed venous oxygen tension although these changes were not always statistically significant.
- Despite these general trends, there were strong individual differences in the cardiovascular responses to the high Desflurane concentrations. The minimum mean arterial blood pressure ranged from 35 to 62 mm Hg, and the cardiac index ranged from 23 to 50 ml/kg/min.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that a 7.4 per cent end-tidal Desflurane concentration maintains the cardiac index well during anesthesia. However, it initiates a drop in arterial blood pressure and SVRI.
- In contrast, when increasing the concentration of Desflurane, the fall in blood pressure results from cardiac depression.
Cite This Article
APA
Clarke KW, Song DY, Alibhai HI, Lee YH.
(1996).
Cardiopulmonary effects of desflurane in ponies, after induction of anaesthesia with xylazine and ketamine.
Vet Rec, 139(8), 180-185.
https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.139.8.180 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Farm Animal and Equine Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, Intravenous / veterinary
- Anesthetics, Dissociative
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / pharmacology
- Animals
- Desflurane
- Hemodynamics / drug effects
- Horses
- Isoflurane / analogs & derivatives
- Isoflurane / pharmacology
- Ketamine
- Pulmonary Gas Exchange / drug effects
- Respiration / drug effects
- Xylazine
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Aarnes TK, Bednarski RM, Bertone AL, Hubbell JA, Lerche P. Recovery from desflurane anesthesia in horses with and without post-anesthetic xylazine. Can J Vet Res 2014 Apr;78(2):103-9.
- Kip G, Köksal Z, Yığman Z, Küçük A, Arslan M, Akarca Dizakar SÖ, Güneş I, Dursun AD, Şıvgın V. Organ-protective effects of fullerenol and desflurane in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2025 Nov 17;15(1):40138.
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