Cardiopulmonary effects of ephedrine in halothane-anesthetized horses.
Abstract: The cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous (i.v.) administration of the sympathomimetic drug ephedrine during two different levels of halothane anesthesia [end-tidal concentration of 1.37% (light anesthesia) and 2.1% (deep anesthesia)] were studied in eight horses. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using only halothane in O2. Ventilation was controlled to maintain a Paco2 of 38-42 mmHg. Following instrumentation and stabilization of the horse at the halothane concentration being studied, baseline measurements of cardiac output (Q), arterial blood pressure (AP), pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate, Pao2, Paco2 and pH were made. Ephedrine was then administered (0.06 mg/kg i.v.) and these measurements repeated at 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min after injection. At both doses of halothane there was a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in Q, stroke volume (SV), and systolic AP following ephedrine administration. In addition, at 2.1% halothane, ephedrine administration resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mean AP and Pao2 and a decrease in total peripheral resistance. The increase in systolic AP, Q, and SV was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater at 2.1% halothane than at 1.37% halothane. Ephedrine administration to horses during both light and deep halothane anesthesia results in an increase in AP that is due to an increase in Q and SV.
Publication Date: 1989-12-01 PubMed ID: 2515301DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1989.tb00689.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study explores the effects of the drug ephedrine on cardiopulmonary function in horses under halothane anesthesia. The results indicate that ephedrine administration increases cardiac output, stroke volume, and arterial pressure in anesthetized horses.
Objective and Methodology
- The goal of this research was to examine the effects of ephedrine, a sympathomimetic drug, on cardiopulmonary functions of horses under two different levels of halothane anesthesia – light (1.37% end-tidal concentration) and deep (2.1% end-tidal concentration).
- Eight horses were used in this study. Anesthesia was applied using halothane in oxygen. Ventilation was controlled to maintain carbon dioxide partial pressure (Paco2) between 38-42 mmHg.
- Prior to ephedrine administration, baseline measurements of cardiac output (Q), arterial blood pressure (AP), pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate, oxygen partial pressure (Pao2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (Paco2), and pH were taken after the horse’s condition stabilised at the assessed halothane concentration.
- Ephedrine was then administered intravenously at a dose of 0.06 mg/kg, and the same measurements were repeated after 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes.
Key Findings
- Ephedrine administration led to a significant increase in cardiac output, stroke volume, and systolic arterial pressure, irrespective of the level of halothane anesthesia.
- When ephedrine was administered at 2.1% halothane concentration, there was a significant rise in mean arterial pressure and oxygen partial pressure, as well as a decrease in total peripheral resistance.
- The increase in systolic arterial pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume was notably greater at 2.1% halothane than at 1.37% halothane concentration.
Conclusion
- The study concludes that the administration of ephedrine to horses during both light and deep halothane anesthesia results in an elevation in arterial pressure, which can be attributed to an increase in cardiac output and stroke volume.
It is evident from this study that ephedrine has a definitive impact on the cardiopulmonary function in halothane-anesthetized horses. These findings could have implications for the use of ephedrine in the medical and veterinary fields, especially in operations involving anesthesia.
Cite This Article
APA
Grandy JL, Hodgson DS, Dunlop CI, Chapman PL, Heath RB.
(1989).
Cardiopulmonary effects of ephedrine in halothane-anesthetized horses.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 12(4), 389-396.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1989.tb00689.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins 80523.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Pressure / drug effects
- Carbon Dioxide / blood
- Cardiac Output / drug effects
- Electrocardiography / veterinary
- Ephedrine / pharmacology
- Female
- Halothane
- Heart / drug effects
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Hemodynamics / drug effects
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Oxygen / blood
- Stroke Volume / drug effects
- Vascular Resistance / drug effects
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Garcia Filho SG, de Andrade FSRM, Dos Santos RST, Gonçalves LA, Pereira MAA, de Souza AF, Ambrósio AM, Fantoni DT. Comparison of Hemodynamic Effects of Dobutamine and Ephedrine Infusions in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Horses.. Vet Sci 2023 Apr 6;10(4).
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