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American journal of veterinary research1998; 59(1); 101-106;

Cardiorespiratory effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia in horses.

Abstract: To determine and compare cardiorespiratory and recovery effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane in horses. Methods: 8 clinically normal horses (4 mares, 4 geldings), 5 to 12 years old. Methods: Inhalation anesthesia was maintained for 90 minutes with sevoflurane, isoflurane, or halothane. Anesthesia depth was maintained at 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, then was reduced at 30 and 60 minutes. A surgical plane of anesthesia was reinduced by administration of ketamine or thiopental or by increasing the fractional inspired concentration of sevoflurane. Cardiovascular and pulmonary variables were recorded and compared among inhalation anesthetics. Recovery was monitored, and subjective assessment of recovery quality was performed. Results: Hemodynamic and pulmonary indices during sevoflurane anesthesia were similar to those of isoflurane. Cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure decreased less during sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia than during halothane anesthesia. After 90 minutes, cardiac output was greater for sevoflurane and isoflurane, respectively, compared with halothane. Mean arterial pressure was similar for all three anesthetic agents. Respiratory rate for sevoflurane and isoflurane was less than that for halothane. This apparent respiratory depression correlated with greater increase in PaCO2 and decreased pH when sevoflurane and isoflurane were compared with halothane. Recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia was qualitatively similar and superior to recovery from isoflurane and halothane, respectively. Time to standing did not differ significantly between sevoflurane and isoflurane, but was shorter than halothane. Conclusions: Sevoflurane induced cardiorespiratory effects that were comparable to those of isoflurane and halothane. Cardiac output was greater and respiratory rate was less than that for halothane at 1.5 MAC. Sevoflurane anesthesia was characterized by good control of anesthesia depth during induction, maintenance, and recovery. Recovery time after sevoflurane anesthesia was comparable to that for isoflurane, and recovery was smooth and controlled in a manner consistent with recovery from halothane.
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Publication Date: 1998-01-27 PubMed ID: 9442252
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article examines the effects of three types of anesthesia – sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane – on the cardiorespiratory system of horses. The study concludes that sevoflurane produces comparable cardiorespiratory effects to isoflurane and halothane, with better control over anesthesia depth and similarity in recovery timings.

Objective and Methodology

  • The objective was to determine and compare the effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane on the cardiorespiratory system and recovery process in horses.
  • The study involved 8 clinically normal horses, of 5 to 12 years old, of both genders.
  • The horses were anesthetized using the three different anesthetic agents for a period of 90 minutes each, maintaining anesthesia depth at 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration.
  • A surgical plane of anesthesia was reinduced in the horses using ketamine, thiopental, or by increasing the concentration of sevoflurane, after which cardiovascular and pulmonary variables were recorded and compared.

Findings and Results

  • Hemodynamic and pulmonary indices during sevoflurane anesthesia were found to be similar to those of isoflurane.
  • The cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure decreased less during sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia than during halothane anesthesia. After 90 minutes, cardiac output was found to be greater for sevoflurane and isoflurane as compared to halothane.
  • There were no significant differences in the mean arterial pressure amongst the three anesthetic agents.
  • The respiratory rate for sevoflurane and isoflurane was less than that for halothane, indicating respiratory depression, as evident from larger increase in PaCO2 and decreased pH.
  • The quality of recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia was similar to isoflurane and halothane, with the time to standing not differing significantly between sevoflurane and isoflurane, but it was shorter than halothane.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that sevoflurane induced cardiorespiratory effects that were comparable to those of isoflurane and halothane.
  • The cardiac output was greater and the respiratory rate was less for sevoflurane compared to halothane at 1.5 MAC.
  • Sevoflurane anesthesia was characterized by good control over anesthesia depth during the phases of induction, maintenance, and recovery, making it a suitable choice for vetenary anesthesia.
  • The recovery time after sevoflurane anesthesia was found to be comparable to isoflurane, and recovery was smooth and controlled, making it consistent with recovery from halothane.

Cite This Article

APA
Grosenbaugh DA, Muir WW. (1998). Cardiorespiratory effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia in horses. Am J Vet Res, 59(1), 101-106.

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0002-9645
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 59
Issue: 1
Pages: 101-106

Researcher Affiliations

Grosenbaugh, D A
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Muir, W W

    MeSH Terms

    • Anesthesia, Inhalation / veterinary
    • Anesthetics, Inhalation / pharmacology
    • Animals
    • Atrial Function, Right / drug effects
    • Blood Pressure / drug effects
    • Carbon Dioxide / blood
    • Cardiac Output / drug effects
    • Ethers / pharmacology
    • Female
    • Halothane / pharmacology
    • Heart Rate / drug effects
    • Hemodynamics / drug effects
    • Horses
    • Isoflurane / pharmacology
    • Male
    • Methyl Ethers
    • Oxygen / blood
    • Partial Pressure
    • Respiration / drug effects
    • Sevoflurane
    • Vascular Resistance / drug effects
    • Ventricular Function, Right / drug effects

    Citations

    This article has been cited 13 times.
    1. Stefanik E, Drewnowska O, Lisowska B, Turek B. Causes, Effects and Methods of Monitoring Gas Exchange Disturbances during Equine General Anaesthesia. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 9;11(7).
      doi: 10.3390/ani11072049pubmed: 34359177google scholar: lookup
    2. Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
      doi: 10.3390/ani11061777pubmed: 34198637google scholar: lookup
    3. Tokushige H, Okano A, Arima D, Ito H, Kambayashi Y, Minamijima Y, Ohta M. Clinical effects of constant rate infusions of medetomidine-propofol combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery. Acta Vet Scand 2018 Nov 5;60(1):71.
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    4. Tokushige H, Kushiro A, Okano A, Maeda T, Ito H, Wakuno A, Nagata SI, Ohta M. Clinical evaluation of constant rate infusion of alfaxalone-medetomidine combined with sevoflurane anesthesia in Thoroughbred racehorses undergoing arthroscopic surgery. Acta Vet Scand 2018 Sep 4;60(1):50.
      doi: 10.1186/s13028-018-0406-4pubmed: 30180855google scholar: lookup
    5. Niyom S, Mama KR, King M, Contino E, Ferris D, Valdes-Martinez A, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith W, Zumbrunnen J. Influence of changing lateral recumbency and mode of ventilation on the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient and selected laboratory analytes in adult isoflurane anesthetized horses. J Vet Med Sci 2018 Nov 1;80(10):1584-1589.
      doi: 10.1292/jvms.18-0032pubmed: 30175753google scholar: lookup
    6. Kieffer PJ, Williams JM, Shepard MK, Giguère S, Epstein KL. Comparison of the oral and rectal mucosal and colonic serosal microcirculations of healthy, anesthetized horses. Can J Vet Res 2018 Jan;82(1):55-59.
      pubmed: 29382969
    7. Wakuno A, Maeda T, Kodaira K, Kikuchi T, Ohta M. Anesthetic management with sevoflurane combined with alfaxalone-medetomidine constant rate infusion in a Thoroughbred racehorse undergoing a long-time orthopedic surgery. J Equine Sci 2017;28(3):111-115.
      doi: 10.1294/jes.28.111pubmed: 28955163google scholar: lookup
    8. Negargar S, Peirovifar A, Mahmoodpoor A, Parish M, Golzari SE, Molseqi H, Negargar S. Hemodynamic parameters of low-flow isoflurane and low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia during controlled ventilation with laryngeal mask airway. Anesth Pain Med 2014 Dec;4(5):e20326.
      doi: 10.5812/aapm.20326pubmed: 25729676google scholar: lookup
    9. Aarnes TK, Bednarski RM, Bertone AL, Hubbell JA, Lerche P. Recovery from desflurane anesthesia in horses with and without post-anesthetic xylazine. Can J Vet Res 2014 Apr;78(2):103-9.
      pubmed: 24688171
    10. Ohta M, Kurimoto S, Ishikawa Y, Tokushige H, Mae N, Nagata S, Mamada M. Cardiovascular effects of dobutamine and phenylephrine infusion in sevoflurane-anesthetized Thoroughbred horses. J Vet Med Sci 2013 Nov;75(11):1443-8.
      doi: 10.1292/jvms.13-0104pubmed: 23832627google scholar: lookup
    11. Regueiro-Purriños M, Fernández-Vázquez F, de Prado AP, Altónaga JR, Cuellas-Ramón C, Ajenjo-Silverio JM, Orden A, Gonzalo-Orden JM. Ventricular arrhythmias and mortality associated with isoflurane and sevoflurane in a porcine model of myocardial infarction. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2011 Jan;50(1):73-8.
      pubmed: 21333167
    12. Brumund L, Wittenberg-Voges L, Rohn K, Kästner SBR. Risk assessment in equine anesthesia: a first evaluation of the usability, utility and predictivity of the two-part CHARIOT. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1384525.
      doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1384525pubmed: 38846780google scholar: lookup
    13. Kieffer PJ, Williams JM, Shepard MK, Giguère S, Epstein KL. Effect of Hypotension and Dobutamine on Gastrointestinal Microcirculations of Healthy, Anesthetized Horses. Vet Sci 2024 Feb 19;11(2).
      doi: 10.3390/vetsci11020095pubmed: 38393113google scholar: lookup
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