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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Appl Physiol (1985) / Cardiorespiratory responses to HCl vs. lactic acid infusion.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)1988; 65(2); 534-540; doi: 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.2.534

Cardiorespiratory responses to HCl vs. lactic acid infusion.

Abstract: Previous reports indicate that intravenous infusion of HCl can alter breathing and blood pressure even if reductions in systemic arterial pH are prevented. To extend these findings, as well as to determine whether other acids elicit comparable results, this report compares the cardiopulmonary response between right atrial infusion of lactic acid and HCl in awake ponies. Lactic acid, infused at a dose of 1.5 mmol/kg over 18 min, lowered systemic and pulmonary arterial pH 0.062 and 0.092 U, respectively, and increased pulmonary arterial pressure (delta Ppa, 4 mmHg), heart rate (HR, 4/min), and tidal volume (delta VT, 190 ml/m2). HCl, infused at a reduced dose of 0.5 mmol/kg over 18 min, lowered systemic and pulmonary arterial pH 0.024 and 0.047 U, respectively, but produced increases in Ppa (delta 23 mmHg), HR (delta 42/min), and VT (delta 321 ml/m2) that were significantly greater than from the larger dose of lactic acid. These results indicate that cardiopulmonary responses to infusion acidosis differ between the type of acid infused. It is suggested that, in the unanesthetized pony, HCl-induced infusion acidosis has a unique cardiopulmonary-stimulating action unrelated to the pH changes imparted to the circulating arterial blood and that this response is absent during the infusion of lactic acid.
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Publication Date: 1988-08-01 PubMed ID: 3170402DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.2.534Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of different acidity levels in the blood, in particular comparing the responses to hydrochloric acid (HCl) and lactic acid infusion in ponies. It concludes that the type of acid infused can lead to different cardiopulmonary responses, with hydrochloric acid potentially having a unique stimulative action even when blood’s pH level does not change significantly.

Comparing Effects of HCl and Lactic Acid Infusion

The study compares the effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and lactic acid infusion on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of ponies, which serve as the experimental subjects. To ensure comparability, careful steps are taken to control doses and infusion rates:

  • Lactic acid is infused at a dose of 1.5 mmol/kg over 18 minutes
  • HCl is infused at a lesser dose of 0.5 mmol/kg also over 18 minutes

Parameters Measured

The parameters measured to understand the impact on cardiopulmonary response include:

  • Alterations in systemic and pulmonary arterial pH
  • Changes in pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa)
  • Heart rate (HR)
  • Tidal volume (VT), meaning the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation

Results from the Infusion of HCl and Lactic Acid

The results show that both lactic acid and HCl infusions had an impact on the physiological parameters, but certain effects were found to be significantly greater with HCl:

  • Both acids lowered the systemic and pulmonary arterial pH, although the reductions were greater with lactic acid infusion
  • Lactic acid increased pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate, and tidal volume whereas HCl led to significantly larger increases in these parameters

Conclusions and Implications

The results suggest that the type of acid used for infusion acidosis, a condition caused by an excess of acid in the body fluids, might lead to different cardiopulmonary responses. It is suggested that hydrochloric acid has a unique cardiopulmonary-stimulating action regardless of the changes in the pH levels of the circulating arterial blood. This unique response was not observed with lactic acid infusion.

The research opens the door for further study to understand the mechanism behind these differing effects, with potential implications for medical interventions involving acid infusions.

Cite This Article

APA
Shirer HW, Erichsen DF, Orr JA. (1988). Cardiorespiratory responses to HCl vs. lactic acid infusion. J Appl Physiol (1985), 65(2), 534-540. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.2.534

Publication

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
ISSN: 8750-7587
NlmUniqueID: 8502536
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 65
Issue: 2
Pages: 534-540

Researcher Affiliations

Shirer, H W
  • Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045.
Erichsen, D F
    Orr, J A

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Blood Pressure / drug effects
      • Heart Rate / drug effects
      • Hemodynamics / drug effects
      • Horses / physiology
      • Hydrochloric Acid / pharmacology
      • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
      • Infusions, Intra-Arterial / veterinary
      • Kinetics
      • Lactates / pharmacology
      • Lactic Acid
      • Respiration / drug effects
      • Tidal Volume
      • Time Factors

      Citations

      This article has been cited 3 times.
      1. Bueschke N, Amaral-Silva L, Hu M, Santin JM. Lactate ions induce synaptic plasticity to enhance output from the central respiratory network. J Physiol 2021 Dec;599(24):5485-5504.
        doi: 10.1113/JP282062pubmed: 34761806google scholar: lookup
      2. Ives SJ, Andtbacka RH, Noyes RD, Morgan RG, Gifford JR, Park SY, Symons JD, Richardson RS. α1-Adrenergic responsiveness in human skeletal muscle feed arteries: the impact of reducing extracellular pH. Exp Physiol 2013 Jan;98(1):256-67.
        doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.066613pubmed: 22798402google scholar: lookup
      3. Perchiazzi G, Kawati R, Pellegrini M, Liangpansakul J, Colella R, Bollella P, Rangaiah P, Cannone A, Venkataramana DH, Perez M, Stramaglia S, Torsi L, Bellotti R, Augustine R. Imitating the respiratory activity of the brain stem by using artificial neural networks: exploratory study on an animal model of lactic acidosis and proof of concept. J Clin Monit Comput 2024 Dec;38(6):1269-1280.
        doi: 10.1007/s10877-024-01208-4pubmed: 39162839google scholar: lookup
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