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Journal of virology2010; 84(12); 6235-6240; doi: 10.1128/JVI.02375-09

Cell entry of the aphthovirus equine rhinitis A virus is dependent on endosome acidification.

Abstract: Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) is genetically closely related to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and both are now classified within the genus Aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae. For disease security reasons, FMDV can be handled only in high-containment facilities, but these constraints do not apply to ERAV, making it an attractive alternative for the study of aphthovirus biology. Here, we show, using immunofluorescence, pharmacological agents, and dominant negative inhibitors, that ERAV entry occurs (as for FMDV) via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and acidification of early endosomes. This validates the use of ERAV as a model system to study the mechanism of cell entry by FMDV.
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Publication Date: 2010-04-07 PubMed ID: 20375159PubMed Central: PMC2876639DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02375-09Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores the mechanism through which the Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) enters cells, asserting that this process is dependent on endosome acidification, much like its close genetic relative, the foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Understanding the Research Context

  • The Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) and the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are genetically closely related. Both belong to the genus Aphthovirus within the Picornaviridae family.
  • ERAV provides an advantageous subject of study compared to FMDV, because whereas the latter can only be handled in high-containment facilities due to disease security, the former isn’t subject to these constraints. This makes ERAV an attractive alternative for studying Aphthovirus biology.

Key Research Findings

  • Employing different testing methods such as immunofluorescence, pharmacological agents, and dominant negative inhibitors, the researchers discovered that the entry of ERAV into cells happens through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and acidification of early endosomes.
  • This method of cell entry is the same mechanism used by FMDV. This similarity validates the use of ERAV as a model system for studying the method of cell entry by FMDV.

Implications of the Study

  • Identifying ERAV as a valid model system for studying Aphthovirus cell entry, due to the highlighted similarities in the entry mechanism with FMDV, could significantly enhance studies in Aphthovirus biology. This is because researchers can now carry out in-depth investigations without the constraints and risks associated with handling FMDV directly.
  • The findings also shed more light on the process through which viruses penetrate cells, which is important knowledge not just for ERAV and FMDV, but potentially for understanding other viruses in the Picornaviridae family as well.

Cite This Article

APA
Groppelli E, Tuthill TJ, Rowlands DJ. (2010). Cell entry of the aphthovirus equine rhinitis A virus is dependent on endosome acidification. J Virol, 84(12), 6235-6240. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02375-09

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 1098-5514
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 84
Issue: 12
Pages: 6235-6240

Researcher Affiliations

Groppelli, Elisabetta
  • Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Tuthill, Tobias J
    Rowlands, David J

      MeSH Terms

      • Acids / metabolism
      • Aphthovirus / physiology
      • Clathrin / metabolism
      • Endocytosis
      • Endosomes / metabolism
      • Endosomes / virology
      • HeLa Cells
      • Humans
      • Picornaviridae Infections / metabolism
      • Picornaviridae Infections / physiopathology
      • Picornaviridae Infections / virology
      • Virus Internalization

      Grant Funding

      • G0200504 / Medical Research Council
      • BB/E00931X/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
      • BBS/E/I/00001411 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
      • BB/D524875/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
      • G0600025 / Medical Research Council

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 8 times.
      1. Kelly JT, Swanson J, Newman J, Groppelli E, Stonehouse NJ, Tuthill TJ. Membrane Interactions and Uncoating of Aichi Virus, a Picornavirus That Lacks a VP4. J Virol 2022 Apr 13;96(7):e0008222.
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        doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00321pubmed: 28700237google scholar: lookup
      4. Groppelli E, Levy HC, Sun E, Strauss M, Nicol C, Gold S, Zhuang X, Tuthill TJ, Hogle JM, Rowlands DJ. Picornavirus RNA is protected from cleavage by ribonuclease during virion uncoating and transfer across cellular and model membranes. PLoS Pathog 2017 Feb;13(2):e1006197.
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