Cell mediated immune responses in ponies following infection with equine influenza virus (H3N8): the influence of induction culture conditions on the properties of cytotoxic effector cells.
Abstract: Cytotoxic cell precursors and/or cytotoxic memory cells were demonstrated in the peripheral blood of ponies after aerosol infection with influenza A/equine/Newmarket/79 (H3N8). In order to reveal their cytotoxic potential, peripheral blood mononuclear cells required a secondary antigenic stimulation. In vitro induced cytotoxic cells showed activity against influenza infected target cells in a 3-4 h 51Cr-release assay. The reactivity of cytotoxic cells was markedly influenced by the conditions of the secondary induction culture. If high concentrations of exogenous crude equine IL-2 were used, virus infected target cells were susceptible to lysis by autologous or allogeneic effector cells. However, if IL-2 concentration was reduced, cytotoxic cells were generated which showed features consistent with cytotoxic T cells in that target-cell killing was genetically restricted.
Publication Date: 1989-07-01 PubMed ID: 2552651DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(89)90040-8Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research focused on understanding the immune responses in ponies that were infected with the equine influenza virus (H3N8), with a specific concentration on how conditions of induction culture can influence cytotoxic effector cells.
Understanding the Immune Response
- The study sought to understand the immune responses in ponies after being infected with the equine influenza virus (H3N8).
- Cytotoxic cell precursors and memory cells were found in the ponies’ peripheral blood after the infection. These cells, crucial in fighting the viral infection, required a second stimulation of the antigen to reveal their full cytotoxic potential.
Studying Cytotoxic Cells in detail
- Upon in-vitro induction, the cytotoxic cells activity was observed against influenza-infected target cells in a 3-4 hour 51Cr-release assay. It was thus shown that these cells have the potential to combat virus infected cells.
- What made this study intriguing was the observation that the reactivity of these cytotoxic cells was conspicuously influenced by the conditions of the secondary induction culture.
Role of Interleukin-2 in Culturing Cytotoxic Cells
- During the experimental stage, the scientists manipulated the concentration of the Interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine in the secondary induction culture. IL-2 is a type of protein that can modulate the body’s immune response.
- When exogenous crude equine IL-2 was used at high concentrations, the virus-infected target cells were found to be susceptible to lysis by effector cells, either originating from the same individual (autologous) or a different individual (allogeneic).
Variable IL-2 Concentration and its Impact
- The study further observed that when IL-2 concentrations were reduced, the cytotoxic cells generated showed characteristics resembling cytotoxic T cells. These cells manifested in genetically restricted target-cell killing.
- This suggests that reducing the concentration of IL-2 in the induction culture changes the cytotoxic cells’ characteristics and their pattern of attacking the infected cells.
Overall, this research opens new avenues for understanding the role of induction culture conditions in the body’s immune response to the equine influenza virus.
Cite This Article
APA
Hannant D, Mumford JA.
(1989).
Cell mediated immune responses in ponies following infection with equine influenza virus (H3N8): the influence of induction culture conditions on the properties of cytotoxic effector cells.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 21(3-4), 327-337.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(89)90040-8 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Animal Health Trust, Suffolk, Great Britain.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral / immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic / veterinary
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / drug effects
- Horses / immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunologic Memory
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Interleukin-2 / pharmacology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Phytohemagglutinins / pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- El-Hage C, Hartley C, Savage C, Watson J, Gilkerson J, Paillot R. Assessment of Humoral and Long-Term Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Recombinant Canarypox-Vectored Equine Influenza Virus Vaccination in Horses Using Conventional and Accelerated Regimens Respectively.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 May 26;10(6).
- Chambers TM, Quinlivan M, Sturgill T, Cullinane A, Horohov DW, Zamarin D, Arkins S, García-Sastre A, Palese P. Influenza A viruses with truncated NS1 as modified live virus vaccines: pilot studies of safety and efficacy in horses.. Equine Vet J 2009 Jan;41(1):87-92.
- Sutton GA, Viel L, Carman PS, Boag BL. Study of the duration and distribution of equine influenza virus subtype 2 (H3N8) antigens in experimentally infected ponies in vivo.. Can J Vet Res 1997 Apr;61(2):113-20.
- Beatty JA, Willett BJ, Gault EA, Jarrett O. A longitudinal study of feline immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in experimentally infected cats, using antigen-specific induction.. J Virol 1996 Sep;70(9):6199-206.
- Mumford JA, Wilson H, Hannant D, Jessett DM. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of equine influenza vaccines containing a Carbomer adjuvant.. Epidemiol Infect 1994 Apr;112(2):421-37.
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