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Home / Equine Research Bank / Can J Comp Med / Cellular and humoral immune response of foals to vaccination...
Canadian journal of comparative medicine : Revue canadienne de medecine comparee1979; 43(4); 356-364;

Cellular and humoral immune response of foals to vaccination with Corynebacterium equi.

Abstract: Transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from pony foals vaccinated and subsequently infected with Corynebacterium equi was studied. Three foals were vaccinated on two occasions using a formalinized C. equi vaccine with aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. Three nonvaccinated foals served as controls. Foals were challenged intratracheally with 9 x 10(9) C. equi six weeks after the initial vaccination. Foals survived this infection for one to two weeks. Significant lymphocyte transformation in response to C. equi antigens was detected in two vaccinated foals at the third week after initial vaccination and in all vaccinated animals at the fifth week. No statistically significant transformation was seen in nonvaccinated foals before infection. Vaccinated and nonvaccinated foals showed responsive lymphocytes following challenge. Vaccination offered no obvious protection against experimental challenge but this failure was probably due to an excessive infective dose of organisms. Low levels of humoral antibodies were detected in some challenged foals. The pathological changes in the lungs of infected animals were comparable with, but more fulminating than, changes observed in the natural disease.
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Publication Date: 1979-10-01 PubMed ID: 548158PubMed Central: PMC1320006
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article examines the immune response of pony foals to a vaccination against Corynebacterium equi (C. equi). Despite the vaccine not providing clear protection, notable changes in the transformation of the foals’ lymphocytes were observed.

Methodology of the Study

  • The study comprised both a test group and a control group, with each consisting of three foals.
  • The test group received a vaccine against C. equi on two separate occasions. This vaccine incorporated a formalinized C. equi and had aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant.
  • Subsequently, the foals were exposed to C. equi bacteria via the intratracheal route.
  • The level of infection was extremely high, with the foals receiving a dose of 9 x 10^9 C. equi.
  • The response of the foals’ peripheral blood lymphocytes to the vaccination and infection was then tracked.

Results of the Vaccination

  • Although no definitive protection against the infection was observed, there were significant transformations in the lymphocytes of the vaccinated foals.
  • Two foals showed lymphocyte changes during the third week post-vaccination, while all vaccinated foals showed changes by week five.
  • However, the control group of non-vaccinated foals did not exhibit any significant lymphocyte transformation prior to infection.

Post Infection Effects

  • After the infection challenge, both vaccinated and non-vaccinated foals demonstrated responsive lymphocytes.
  • Low levels of humoral antibodies, part of the immune response, were detected in some foals post-challenge.
  • Despite taking part in the experiment, the foals only survived for one to two weeks after the infection.
  • The infected foals also developed severe lung pathologies akin to, but more fulminating than, the natural disease.

Interpretation of Results

  • The researchers hypothesized that the lack of obvious protection from the C. equi vaccine might be due to the excessively high dose of C. equi used for the infection challenge.
  • Despite this, the vaccine did produce a response in the foals’ lymphocytes, suggesting it had some effect on their immune systems.

Cite This Article

APA
Prescott JF, Markham RJ, Johnson JA. (1979). Cellular and humoral immune response of foals to vaccination with Corynebacterium equi. Can J Comp Med, 43(4), 356-364.

Publication

Canadian journal of comparative medicine : Revue canadienne de medecine comparee
ISSN: 0008-4050
NlmUniqueID: 0151747
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 43
Issue: 4
Pages: 356-364

Researcher Affiliations

Prescott, J F
    Markham, R J
      Johnson, J A

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Antibodies, Bacterial / analysis
        • Antibody Formation
        • Corynebacterium / immunology
        • Corynebacterium Infections / immunology
        • Corynebacterium Infections / pathology
        • Corynebacterium Infections / veterinary
        • Horse Diseases / immunology
        • Horse Diseases / pathology
        • Horses / immunology
        • Lung / pathology
        • Lymphocyte Activation
        • Vaccination / veterinary

        References

        This article includes 11 references
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          pubmed: 4139914
        8. Böyum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of monuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1 g.. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1968;97:77-89.
          pubmed: 4179068
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          pubmed: 1173231
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        11. Knight HD. Corynebacterial infections in the horse: problems of prevention.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1969 Jul 15;155(2):446-52.
          pubmed: 4978809

        Citations

        This article has been cited 11 times.
        1. Giguère S, Prescott JF. Cytokine induction in murine macrophages infected with virulent and avirulent Rhodococcus equi.. Infect Immun 1998 May;66(5):1848-54.
          doi: 10.1128/IAI.66.5.1848-1854.1998pubmed: 9573060google scholar: lookup
        2. Ross TL, Balson GA, Miners JS, Smith GD, Shewen PE, Prescott JF, Yager JA. Role of CD4+, CD8+ and double negative T-cells in the protection of SCID/beige mice against respiratory challenge with Rhodococcus equi.. Can J Vet Res 1996 Jul;60(3):186-92.
          pubmed: 8809381
        3. Prescott JF, Johnson JA, Markham RJ. Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of Corynebacterium equi infection in foals.. Can J Comp Med 1980 Jul;44(3):280-8.
          pubmed: 7427776
        4. Srivastava SK, Barnum DA. Lymphocyte stimulation response in horses against phytohaemagglutinin and M protein of Streptococcus equi using whole blood.. Can J Comp Med 1982 Jan;46(1):51-6.
          pubmed: 7074416
        5. Prescott JF. Capsular serotypes of Corynebacterium equi.. Can J Comp Med 1981 Apr;45(2):130-4.
          pubmed: 6790143
        6. Takai S, Iimori S, Tsubaki S. Quantitative fecal culture for early diagnosis of Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi enteritis in foals.. Can J Vet Res 1986 Oct;50(4):479-84.
          pubmed: 3791074
        7. Chirino-Trejo JM, Prescott JF. Antibody response of horses to Rhodococcus equi antigens.. Can J Vet Res 1987 Jul;51(3):301-5.
          pubmed: 3651884
        8. Chirino-Trejo JM, Prescott JF. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell preparations of Rhodococcus equi.. Can J Vet Res 1987 Jul;51(3):297-300.
          pubmed: 3651883
        9. Chirino-Trejo JM, Prescott JF, Yager JA. Protection of foals against experimental Rhodococcus equi pneumonia by oral immunization.. Can J Vet Res 1987 Oct;51(4):444-7.
          pubmed: 3453264
        10. Prescott JF. Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen.. Clin Microbiol Rev 1991 Jan;4(1):20-34.
          doi: 10.1128/CMR.4.1.20pubmed: 2004346google scholar: lookup
        11. Nordmann P, Ronco E, Nauciel C. Role of T-lymphocyte subsets in Rhodococcus equi infection.. Infect Immun 1992 Jul;60(7):2748-52.
          doi: 10.1128/iai.60.7.2748-2752.1992pubmed: 1351881google scholar: lookup
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