Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses, cattle, and sheep diagnosed with rabies: A retrospective study of 62 cases.
Abstract: This study aimed to characterize the findings in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis of horses, cattle, and sheep diagnosed with rabies. The study included 62 animals (horses, cattle, and sheep) diagnosed with rabies at a referral hospital. This was a retrospective study using medical records from large animals with neurological signs and confirmed positive direct immunofluorescence test for rabies from 2003 to 2020. The results of CSF analysis are presented descriptively. Cerebral spinal fluid samples (N = 67) from 62 animals (31 horses, 24 cattle, and 7 sheep) were retrospectively evaluated. Of these 3 species, 28% (19/67) showed increased protein concentration, whereas 58% (39/67) presented mononuclear pleocytosis. In total, 37% of the samples (25/67) had protein concentration and total nucleated cell count within the reference range. Cerebral spinal fluid from animals diagnosed with rabies was either normal or characterized by mild mononuclear pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrachia. Analyse du liquide céphalo-rachidien chez des chevaux, bovins et moutons diagnostiqués avec la rage: une étude rétrospective de 62 cas. Cette étude visait à caractériser les résultats de l’analyse du liquide céphalo-rachidien (LCR) de chevaux, bovins et moutons diagnostiqués avec la rage. L’étude a inclus 62 animaux (chevaux, bovins et moutons) diagnostiqués avec la rage dans un hôpital de référence. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective utilisant les dossiers médicaux de grands animaux présentant des signes neurologiques et un test d’immunofluorescence directe confirmé positif pour la rage de 2003 à 2020. Les résultats de l’analyse du LCR sont présentés de manière descriptive. Des échantillons de liquide céphalo-rachidien (N = 67) de 62 animaux (31 chevaux, 24 bovins et 7 moutons) ont été évalués rétrospectivement. Parmi ces 3 espèces, 28 % (19/67) présentaient une concentration accrue de protéines, tandis que 58 % (39/67) présentaient une pléocytose mononucléaire. Au total, 37 % des échantillons (25/67) avaient une concentration en protéines et un nombre total de cellules nucléées dans la plage de référence. Le liquide céphalo-rachidien des animaux diagnostiqués avec la rage était soit normal soit caractérisé par une légère pléocytose mononucléaire et une hyperprotéinorrachie.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).
Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.
Publication Date: 2022-12-06 PubMed ID: 36467385PubMed Central: PMC9648481
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research is a retrospective study investigating the characteristics of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in horses, cattle, and sheep diagnosed with rabies from 2003 to 2020. The results reveal that the CSF from rabid animals was typically either normal or demonstrated mild mononuclear pleocytosis (increased white blood cells) and hyperproteinorrachia (increased protein).
Study Design and Sample Population
- This study utilized a sample of 62 animals (31 horses, 24 cattle, and 7 sheep) from a referral hospital where they were diagnosed with rabies.
- The selection criteria incorporated large animals with neurological signs reinforcing a possibility of rabies infection, which was subsequently confirmed positive through a direct immunofluorescence test.
- While the selection set was distributed across three species, all subjected animals exhibited variations of the same condition, facilitating the study of CSF under similar circumstances.
Investigation and Analysis Process
- The research was retrospective, relying on medical records spanning 17 years (2003 to 2020).
- 67 cerebral spinal fluid samples taken from the 62 animals were retrospectively studied and analysed, some animals contributing more than one sample.
- The study adopted a descriptive approach to present the results of the CSF analysis.
Key Findings from the Study
- Approximately 28% (19/67) of the CSF samples showed an increased protein concentration, a condition medically known as hyperproteinorrachia.
- About 58% (39/67) of all samples revealed mononuclear pleocytosis, which is an increase in white blood cells, particularly mononuclear cells, in the CSF.
- 37% (25/67) of the samples fell within the normal reference range for both protein concentration and total nucleated cell count, indicating no detectable irregularities.
- The study, hence, concluded that the CSF in animals diagnosed with rabies was typically either normal or characterized by mild mononuclear pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrachia.
Cite This Article
APA
Zakia LS, Albertino LG, Andrade DGA, Amorim RM, Takahira RR, Oliveira-Filho JP, Borges AS.
(2022).
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in horses, cattle, and sheep diagnosed with rabies: A retrospective study of 62 cases.
Can Vet J, 63(12), 1242-1246.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil.
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil.
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil.
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil.
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil.
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil.
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, 18618-681, Botucatu, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Sheep
- Cattle
- Horses
- Animals
- Retrospective Studies
- Rabies / diagnosis
- Rabies / veterinary
- Leukocytosis / veterinary
- Medical Records
- Reference Values
- Cattle Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Sheep Diseases / diagnosis
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