Changes in blood biomarkers in Arabian horses with Clostridium difficile-induced enterocolitis.
Abstract: Clostridium difficile (CD) is considered a major health care problem both in developing and developed countries; frequently reported to be associated with enterocolitis and diarrhea in horses and other animals. In this study, we examined acute phase response (APR), cytokines response, neopterin (NP) procalcitonin (PCT) production and oxidative stress condition in horses and foals with C. difficile-induced enterocolitis (CDIE) and evaluated the effectiveness of these parameters as biomarkers for the disease. A total of 407 Arabian horses in 35 stables were examined between January 2017 to December 2018. Only 24 out of 407 horses showed two or more signs of CDIE. The blood level of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (HP), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL1-β), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), PCT and NPT in horses with CDIE were higher than in healthy horses. Nevertheless, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant concentration (TAC) were considerably lower in diseased horses compared to those that were healthy. The ROC curves for eleven selected blood parameters, both in healthy horses and horses with CDIE demonstrated that all examined blood markers had significant levels of differentiation between CDIE cases and healthy controls (AUC > 87.5). The data in this study suggest that the evaluation of acute-phase proteins, cytokines, PCT, NPT, and oxidative stress biomarkers may well be used as a tool for diagnosis and assessment of CDIE and in disease pathogenesis in Arabian horses.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2020-08-07 PubMed ID: 32877870DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101525Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research investigates different blood biomarkers that could be used for diagnosing Clostridium difficile-induced enterocolitis in Arabian horses, a highly contagious bacterial disease causing severe diarrhea and inflammation of the colon.
Research Methodology
- The study was conducted on 407 Arabian horses across 35 stables from January 2017 to December 2018.
- 24 out of 407 horses presented signs of Clostridium difficile-induced enterocolitis (CDIE), a disease characterized by inflammation of the colon and severe diarrhea, caused by the bacteria Clostridium difficile (CD). These signs included an increase in blood levels of certain proteins and cytokines, as well as a decrease in others.
Findings and Analysis
- The researchers found that the levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (HP), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL1-β), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), procalcitonin (PCT) and neopterin (NPT) were all elevated in horses with CDIE compared to healthy horses.
- Conversely, levels of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant concentration (TAC) were significantly lower in diseased horses.
- The researchers performed ROC curve analyses for the 11 selected blood parameters in both healthy horses and those with CDIE. The results showed a significant level of differentiation between cases of CDIE and healthy controls. This suggests that these blood markers could potentially be used to distinguish between CDIE and healthy conditions in horses.
Implications
- The research suggests that evaluating levels of acute-phase proteins, cytokines, PCT, NPT, and oxidative stress biomarkers can be powerful tools in diagnosing and assessing the severity of CDIE in horses.
- By developing reliable diagnostic methods, quicker and more effective treatment plans can be pursued, thus improving the wellbeing and recovery rates of horses affected by this bacterial disease.
Cite This Article
APA
El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Elsohaby I, Mkrtchyan HV, Alhaider A.
(2020).
Changes in blood biomarkers in Arabian horses with Clostridium difficile-induced enterocolitis.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 73, 101525.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101525 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Al-Hofuf P.O. 400, Saudi Arabia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Electronic address: weldeeb@kfu.edu.sa.
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi Arabia; Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, St Mary's Rd, London, W5 5RF, UK.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Al-Hofuf P.O. 400, Saudi Arabia.
MeSH Terms
- Acute-Phase Proteins / analysis
- Animals
- Biomarkers / blood
- Clostridioides difficile / classification
- Clostridioides difficile / isolation & purification
- Cytokines / blood
- Diarrhea / blood
- Diarrhea / diagnosis
- Diarrhea / microbiology
- Diarrhea / veterinary
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / blood
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / diagnosis
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / microbiology
- Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / veterinary
- Feces / microbiology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / microbiology
- Horses
- Male
- Neopterin / blood
- Oxidative Stress
- Procalcitonin / blood
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Wang X, Niu L, Wang Y, Zhan S, Wang L, Dai D, Cao J, Guo J, Li L, Zhang H, Zhong T. Combining 16S rRNA Sequencing and Metabolomics Data to Decipher the Interactions between Gut Microbiota, Host Immunity, and Metabolites in Diarrheic Young Small Ruminants.. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Jul 13;24(14).
- Ludwig EK, Hobbs KJ, McKinney-Aguirre CA, Gonzalez LM. Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jan 7;13(2).
- Zhong T, Wang Y, Wang X, Freitas-de-Melo A, Li H, Zhan S, Wang L, Cao J, Dai D, Guo J, Li L, Zhang H, Liu J, Niu L. Diarrhea in suckling lambs is associated with changes in gut microbiota, serum immunological and biochemical parameters in an intensive production system.. Front Microbiol 2022;13:1020657.
- Candellone A, Girolami F, Badino P, Jarriyawattanachaikul W, Odore R. Changes in the Oxidative Stress Status of Dogs Affected by Acute Enteropathies.. Vet Sci 2022 Jun 6;9(6).
- Meucci V, Orsetti C, Sgorbini M, Battaglia F, Cresci M, Bonelli F. Can Procalcitonin Be Dosed in Bovine Milk Using a Commercial ELISA Kit?. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jan 25;12(3).
- Hain-Saunders NMR, Knight DR, Bruce M, Riley TV. Clostridioides difficile infection and One Health: an equine perspective.. Environ Microbiol 2022 Mar;24(3):985-997.
- Nocera I, Bonelli F, Vitale V, Meucci V, Conte G, Jose-Cunilleras E, Gracia-Calvo LA, Sgorbini M. Evaluation of Plasmatic Procalcitonin in Healthy, and in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Negative or Positive Colic Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 6;11(7).
- El-Deeb W, Fayez M, Alhumam N, Elsohaby I, Quadri SA, Mkrtchyan H. The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows.. PeerJ 2021;9:e11511.
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