FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Cornell Vet / Changes in equine carpal joint synovial fluid in response to...
The Cornell veterinarian1989; 79(1); 25-38;

Changes in equine carpal joint synovial fluid in response to the injection of two local anesthetic agents.

Abstract: The effects of repeated arthrocentesis and injection of local anesthetic agents, lidocaine HCl or mepivacaine HCl on the equine middle carpal joint were investigated. Synovial fluid samples were evaluated before, and 12, 24 and 48 hours following, treatment. The greatest changes from pretreatment values occurred in synovial fluid cellularity. Repeated arthrocentesis caused a moderate increase in cell counts, while injection of local anesthetics caused a greater increase. Alterations in mucin clot quality, hyaluronic acid content, fluid viscosity, total protein and immunoglobulin G were generally of no significance. The most sensitive sampling time to detect changes caused by a given treatment was 24 hours following treatment while the 12 hour sampling period appeared to be the best at detecting differences between treatments. Repeated arthrocentesis has a definite effect on synovial fluid composition but the effects appear to decrease with repeated centesis. Lidocaine HCl and mepivacaine HCl are irritating to the synovial environment. Clear differences between responses to the drugs could not be identified.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1989-01-01 PubMed ID: 2912672
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines the impact of repeated injection of two local anesthetic agents – lidocaine HCl and mepivacaine HCl – on the joint fluid of equine carpal joints, with the greatest changes observed in fluid cellularity.

Objective and Methodology of the Research

  • The research aimed to investigate the effects of frequently performed arthrocentesis (joint fluid drainage), and the injection of local anesthetics viz. lidocaine HCl and mepivacaine HCl on the fluid inside the middle carpal joint (wrist) of horses.
  • Samples of the synovial fluid were assessed before treatment, and 12, 24 and 48 hours post the injection of anesthetics. The effects were then compared with the pretreatment conditions.

Main Findings

  • The most significant aspect affected by this treatment was the fluid cellularity. Repeated arthrocentesis brought forth a moderate increase in cell counts, while a substantial rise was observed on injecting the local anesthetics.
  • Other elements of the synovial fluid such as the mucin clot quality, hyaluronic acid content, total protein, fluid viscosity, and immunoglobulin G, saw insignificant alterations.
  • The analysis revealed that changes caused by a particular treatment could be best identified 24 hours post the treatment. On the other hand, to detect differences between the treatments, a 12-hour sampling period was identified to be most effective.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The practice of repeated arthrocentesis had a definite impact on the composition of the synovial fluid, but these effects appeared to wane with more instances of centesis.
  • Both lidocaine HCl and mepivacaine HCl were found to cause irritation to the synovial environment. However, no clear differences could be found between the effects caused by each of these drugs.
  • Additional studies may help further understand the specific effects of different local anesthetic agents and provide insight into better treatment strategies to limit potentially adverse effects on joint health in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
White KK, Hodgson DR, Hancock D, Parry BW, Cordell C. (1989). Changes in equine carpal joint synovial fluid in response to the injection of two local anesthetic agents. Cornell Vet, 79(1), 25-38.

Publication

The Cornell veterinarian
ISSN: 0010-8901
NlmUniqueID: 0074245
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 79
Issue: 1
Pages: 25-38

Researcher Affiliations

White, K K
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6610.
Hodgson, D R
    Hancock, D
      Parry, B W
        Cordell, C

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Carpus, Animal / drug effects
          • Female
          • Forelimb / drug effects
          • Horses / physiology
          • Injections, Intra-Articular
          • Lidocaine / administration & dosage
          • Lidocaine / pharmacology
          • Male
          • Mepivacaine / administration & dosage
          • Mepivacaine / pharmacology
          • Synovial Fluid / analysis
          • Synovial Fluid / cytology
          • Synovial Fluid / drug effects

          Grant Funding

          • RR 070 13-05 / NCRR NIH HHS

          Citations

          This article has been cited 7 times.
          1. Hussein K, Abdelbaset AE, Sadek AA, Noreldin A. In vitro and in vivo Effects of a Single Dose of Bupivacaine 5% on Donkey Chondrocytes.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:661426.
            doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.661426pubmed: 34888370google scholar: lookup
          2. Watkins A, Fasanello D, Stefanovski D, Schurer S, Caracappa K, D'Agostino A, Costello E, Freer H, Rollins A, Read C, Su J, Colville M, Paszek M, Wagner B, Reesink H. Investigation of synovial fluid lubricants and inflammatory cytokines in the horse: a comparison of recombinant equine interleukin 1 beta-induced synovitis and joint lavage models.. BMC Vet Res 2021 May 12;17(1):189.
            doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02873-2pubmed: 33980227google scholar: lookup
          3. Hunt CL, Leatherwood JL, Coverdale JA, Sigler DL, Vogelsang MM, Arnold CE. Effects of repeated arthrocentesis on systemic cytokine expression and leukocyte population in young horses challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide.. J Anim Sci 2019 Jan 1;97(1):184-191.
            doi: 10.1093/jas/sky423pubmed: 30423145google scholar: lookup
          4. Giangarra JE, Barry SL, Dahlgren LA, Lanz OI, Benitez ME, Werre SR. Effect of a single intra-articular injection of bupivacaine on synovial fluid prostaglandin E(2) concentrations in normal canine stifles.. BMC Res Notes 2018 Apr 25;11(1):255.
            doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3360-3pubmed: 29695269google scholar: lookup
          5. Hunter BG, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Larson MK. Tiludronate concentrations and cytologic findings in synovial fluid after intravenous regional limb perfusion with tiludronate in horses.. PeerJ 2015;3:e889.
            doi: 10.7717/peerj.889pubmed: 25945303google scholar: lookup
          6. Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Moneta L, Ott JF, Larson MK, Gorman EM, Hunter B, Löhr CV, Payton ME, Morré JT, Maier CS. Effects of low and high dose intraarticular tiludronate on synovial fluid and clinical variables in healthy horses-a preliminary investigation.. PeerJ 2014;2:e534.
            doi: 10.7717/peerj.534pubmed: 25237596google scholar: lookup
          7. Francoz D, Desrochers A, Latouche JS. Effect of repeated arthrocentesis and single joint lavage on cytologic evaluation of synovial fluid in 5 young calves.. Can J Vet Res 2007 Apr;71(2):129-34.
            pubmed: 17479776
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.