FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Heliyon2022; 8(12); e12241; doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12241

Changes in haematological and biochemical parameters in blood serum of horses during exposition to workload stress.

Abstract: Health state of animals undergoing experimental procedures is an important topic nowadays, as even the small changes can influence the outcome of entire outcomes. Main aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of horse training on variety of blood parameters including mineral profile, energy profile, hepatic profile and haematology. In the experiment, the studied group of horses underwent training programme which consisted of transportation, lounging, riding, jumping, racing, treadmill training and shoeing. Blood samples were collected and later evaluated at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of 1-year lasting process. Our results show multiple significant changes in blood parameters, including changes to multiple minerals, such as Ca, K, Na as well as significant changes of total proteins, urea and certain hepatic profile parameters. Haematology results have also been affected in individual sample collections. Based on results of our study we can state that there have been changes to the internal milieu of the horse but also that there have not been any visible changes of the health status of the animals over the duration of the experiment.
© 2022 The Author(s).
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-12-13 PubMed ID: 36536901PubMed Central: PMC9758420DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12241Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines how training impacts a variety of blood parameters in horses, including mineral and energy profiles, liver function, and hematology. The findings reveal several significant changes, though no visible alterations to the horses’ general health were observed throughout the year-long experiment.

Objective and Methodology

  • The primary aim of this study was to determine how horse training affects various blood parameters. The researchers examined mineral profiles, energy profiles, liver functions, and general hematology throughout the training process.
  • To collect the necessary data, the team took blood samples from a group of horses at multiple points—ahead, in the middle, and at the end of a training program that lasted a year.
  • The training regimen was comprehensive and included various activities such as transportation, lounging, riding, jumping, racing, treadmill training, and shoeing.

Results

  • The results show significant changes in numerous blood parameters, particularly certain minerals like calcium, potassium, and sodium. The study also noted changes in total protein levels, urea, and specific liver function parameters.
  • Changes were also observed in hematology results across different sample collection points, highlighting the physiological impacts of the training program on the horses.

Conclusion

  • Despite the significant alterations in blood parameters, there were no discernible changes in the health status of the horses throughout the experiment’s duration.
  • The research concludes that though horse training can cause changes in the internal environment of the animal, these alterations do not necessarily imply a negative impact on the overall health status.

The study is crucial in the field of veterinary medicine and animal training as it offers valuable understanding about the physiological effects of extensive training programs on horses. It underscores the importance of monitoring key indicators in the blood during such activities to ensure the animal’s health and well-being. Yet, it also reassures that even significant changes in these indicators do not necessarily predicate adverse health outcomes.

Cite This Article

APA
Massányi M, Halo M, Massányi P, Mlyneková E, Greń A, Formicki G, Halo M. (2022). Changes in haematological and biochemical parameters in blood serum of horses during exposition to workload stress. Heliyon, 8(12), e12241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12241

Publication

Heliyon
ISSN: 2405-8440
NlmUniqueID: 101672560
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 12
Pages: e12241
PII: e12241

Researcher Affiliations

Massányi, Martin
  • AgroBioTech Research Centre, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Halo, Marko
  • AgroBioTech Research Centre, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Massányi, Peter
  • Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculepartment of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Mlyneková, Eva
  • Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Greń, Agnieszka
  • Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Formicki, Grzegorz
  • Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
Halo, Marko
  • Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 23 references
  1. Maśko M, Domino M, Jasiński T, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O. The Physical Activity-Dependent Hematological and Biochemical Changes in School Horses in Comparison to Blood Profiles in Endurance and Race Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Apr 14;11(4).
    pmc: PMC8071065pubmed: 33920044doi: 10.3390/ani11041128google scholar: lookup
  2. Massanyi P, Stawarz R, Halo M, Formicki G, Lukac N, Cupka P, Schwarcz P, Kovacik A, Tusimova E, Kovacik J. Blood concentration of copper, cadmium, zinc and lead in horses and its relation to hematological and biochemical parameters.. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2014;49(8):973-9.
    pubmed: 24766599doi: 10.1080/10934529.2014.894322google scholar: lookup
  3. Parasuraman S, Raveendran R, Kesavan R. Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals. J. Pharmacol. Pharmacother. 2017;8(3):153.
    pubmed: 0
  4. Halo M, Mlyneková E, Massányi M, Solár D, Halo M jr, Moravčíková N. Influence of indirect factors and its effect analysis on performance level of Slovak warmblood horse breed. Acta Fytotechn. Zootechn. 2021;24:105–108.
  5. Beetz A, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Julius H, Kotrschal K. Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: the possible role of oxytocin.. Front Psychol 2012;3:234.
    pmc: PMC3408111pubmed: 22866043doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00234google scholar: lookup
  6. Halo M, Tirpák F, Kováčik A, Lipova P, Greń A, Massányi P. Biochemical parameters of seminal plasma affect motility traits of stallion spermatozoa. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 2018;7(5):472–474.
  7. Lesimple C. Indicators of Horse Welfare: State-of-the-Art.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Feb 13;10(2).
    pmc: PMC7070675pubmed: 32069888doi: 10.3390/ani10020294google scholar: lookup
  8. Massanyi M, Halo M Jr, Kovacik A, Halo M, Imrich I, Formicki G, Mlynekova E, Massanyi P. The effect of induced training on selected equine blood plasma indicators on treadmill trained horses. Vet. Med. Czech. 2020;65:528–536.
  9. Massányi M, Kohút L, Argente MJ, Halo M, Kováčik A, Kováčiková E, Ondruška Ľ, Formicki G, Massányi P. The effect of different sample collection methods on rabbit blood parameters.. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020 Nov;27(11):3157-3160.
    pmc: PMC7569107pubmed: 33100878doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.016google scholar: lookup
  10. Kovacik A, Arvay J, Tusimova E, Harangozo L, Tvrda E, Zbynovska K, Cupka P, Andrascikova S, Tomas J, Massanyi P. Seasonal variations in the blood concentration of selected heavy metals in sheep and their effects on the biochemical and hematological parameters.. Chemosphere 2017 Feb;168:365-371.
    pubmed: 27810536doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.090google scholar: lookup
  11. Juráček M, Vašeková P, Massányi P, Kováčik A, Bíro D, Šimko M, Gálik B, Rolinec M, Hanušovský O, Kolláthová R, Mixtajová E, Kalúzová M. The effect of dried grape pomace feeding on nutrients digestibility and serum biochemical profile of wethers. Agriculture 2021;11:1194.
  12. van der Kolk JH, Nachreiner RF, Refsal KR, Brouillet D, Wensing T. Heparinised blood ionised calcium concentrations in horses with colic or diarrhoea compared to normal subjects.. Equine Vet J 2002 Jul;34(5):528-31.
    pubmed: 12358059doi: 10.2746/042516402776117692google scholar: lookup
  13. Cymbaluk NF, Christison GI. Effects of dietary energy and phosphorus content on blood chemistry and development of growing horses.. J Anim Sci 1989 Apr;67(4):951-8.
    pubmed: 2715120doi: 10.2527/jas1989.674951xgoogle scholar: lookup
  14. Winter JC, Sponder G, Merle R, Aschenbach JR, Gehlen H. Intracellular free magnesium concentration in healthy horses.. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018 Oct;102(5):1351-1356.
    pubmed: 29740897doi: 10.1111/jpn.12921google scholar: lookup
  15. Zeyner A, Romanowski K, Vernunft A, Harris P, Müller AM, Wolf C, Kienzle E. Effects of Different Oral Doses of Sodium Chloride on the Basal Acid-Base and Mineral Status of Exercising Horses Fed Low Amounts of Hay.. PLoS One 2017;12(1):e0168325.
    pmc: PMC5207637pubmed: 28045916doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168325google scholar: lookup
  16. Rueda-Carrillo G, Rosiles-Martínez R, Hernández-García AI, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Trigo-Tavera FJ. Preliminary Study on the Connection Between the Mineral Profile of Horse Hooves and Tensile Strength Based on Body Weight, Sex, Age, Sampling Location, and Riding Disciplines.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:763935.
    pmc: PMC8936798pubmed: 35320952doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.763935google scholar: lookup
  17. Padilha FGF, Dimache LAG, de Almeida FQ, Ferreira AMR. Blood biochemical parameters of Brazilian sport horses under training in tropical climate. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 2017;46:8.
  18. Arfuso F, Giannetto C, Fazio F, Panzera F, Piccione G. Training Program Intensity Induces an Acute Phase Response in Clinically Healthy Horses.. J Equine Vet Sci 2020 May;88:102986.
    pubmed: 32303313doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102986google scholar: lookup
  19. Brunner J, Liesegang A, Weiss S, Wichert B. Feeding practice and influence on selected blood parameters in show jumping horses competing in Switzerland.. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015 Aug;99(4):684-91.
    pubmed: 25354150doi: 10.1111/jpn.12266google scholar: lookup
  20. DeNotta SL, Divers TJ. Clinical Pathology in the Adult Sick Horse: The Gastrointestinal System and Liver.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Apr;36(1):105-120.
    pmc: PMC7127838pubmed: 31982231doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.11.004google scholar: lookup
  21. Divers TJ. The equine liver in health and disease. Proc. Am. Proc Am. Assoc. Equine Practit. 2015;6:66–103.
  22. Lassen ED, Swardson CJ. Hematology and hemostasis in the horse: normal functions and common abnormalities.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1995 Dec;11(3):351-89.
    pubmed: 8925416doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30306-1google scholar: lookup
  23. Ono T, Yamada Y, Hata A, Shimokawa Miyama T, Shibano K, Iwata E, Ohzawa E, Kitagawa H. Reference values of hematological and blood biochemical parameters for the Noma horse.. J Equine Sci 2019 Sep;30(3):69-73.
    pmc: PMC6773617pubmed: 31592225doi: 10.1294/jes.30.69google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Kirchner R, Kirchnerová S, Tirpák F, Halo M Jr, Slanina T, Tokárová K, Kováčik A, Miškeje M, Komárňanská V, Greń A, Formicki G, Massányi P. Biogenic Elements and Heavy Metals in Hermann's Tortoises-Testudo hermanni: Effect on Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Status Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 6;13(13).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13132218pubmed: 37444016google scholar: lookup
  2. Deniz Ö, Erol HS, van den Hoven R, Onmaz AC, Aragona F, Fazio F. Monitoring Weaning Stress in Fillies and Colts on a Thoroughbred Breeding Farm by Cortisol and Blood Inflammatory Markers: The Benefits of Gradual Separation and Social Support. Animals (Basel) 2025 Dec 10;15(24).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15243551pubmed: 41463836google scholar: lookup
  3. Halo M Jr, Kirchner R, Tirpák F, Slanina T, Tokárová K, Kováčik A, Miškeje M, Greń A, Formicki G, Halo M, Madeddu R, Massányi P. Essential and risk elements in horses affect haematology, serum biochemistry and oxidative status parameters. Sci Rep 2025 Jan 28;15(1):3489.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87908-6pubmed: 39875518google scholar: lookup
  4. Tkaczenko H, Lukash O, Kurhaluk N. Analysis of the season-dependent component in the evaluation of morphological and biochemical blood parameters in Shetland ponies of both sexes during exercise. J Vet Res 2024 Mar;68(1):155-166.
    doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0017pubmed: 38525221google scholar: lookup
  5. Massányi M, Halo M, Mlyneková E, Kováčiková E, Tokárová K, Greń A, Massányi P, Halo M. The effect of training load stress on salivary cortisol concentrations, health parameters and hematological parameters in horses. Heliyon 2023 Aug;9(8):e19037.
    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19037pubmed: 37636408google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,850 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.