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Home / Equine Research Bank / Biology (Basel) / Changes in Immunoglobulins G and A in the Saliva and Serum o...
Biology2024; 13(11); doi: 10.3390/biology13110891

Changes in Immunoglobulins G and A in the Saliva and Serum of Horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) and Their Relationship with Other Immune and Redox Status Biomarkers.

Abstract: Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a widespread disease with a very high prevalence and importance in horses. It includes two conditions: Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD), linked to acid disturbances, and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD), associated with inflammation and immune system issues. In saliva, increased levels of immunological markers have been observed in this disease, indicating immune system involvement. In addition, changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress have been described. In horses, IgG and IgA are proteins that appear in saliva and serum and are considered to be the major proteins in specific immunity; however, their levels in horses with EGUS have not been previously studied. This report aims to evaluate IgG and IgA concentrations in the saliva and serum of horses with EGUS, measured by automated assays, and compare them with other biomarkers of the immune and oxidative stress system. This work validated the IgG and IgA assays in saliva and showed that IgA significantly increased in the saliva of horses with EGUS. When the correlation between IgG and IgA and other biomarkers of immune system issues and oxidative stress such as ADA, S100 A8-A9 (calprotectin), S100 A12 (calgranulin), uric acid, FRAS, and AOPP was studied, IgA in saliva showed a significant moderate correlation with adenosine deaminase, indicating its possible involvement in the immune reaction occurring in EGUS.
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Publication Date: 2024-11-01 PubMed ID: 39596846PubMed Central: PMC11591608DOI: 10.3390/biology13110891Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This study examines the connection between Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) in horses and changes in immunoglobulins G and A (IgG and IgA), as well as their relationship with other indicators of immune system and redox status. It was found that IgA levels significantly increased in the saliva of horses with EGUS and showed a significant correlation with adenosine deaminase, indicating a potential role in the immune response to this disease.

Introduction

  • This research focuses on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS), a common and significant disease affecting horses. The condition consists of two related diseases: Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD), which is linked to acid disturbances, and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD), associated with inflammation and immune system issues.
  • Prior studies have noted increased levels of immunological markers in the saliva of horses suffering from EGUS, suggesting involvement of the immune system. Changes in biomarkers indicative of oxidative stress have also been observed.

Immunoglobulins G and A

  • In horses, immunoglobulins G and A (IgG and IgA) are significant proteins related to specific immunity that appear in both saliva and serum.
  • The levels of these proteins in horses suffering from EGUS had not previously been studied, leading to the objective of this research to evaluate the concentration of these proteins in saliva and serum of affected horses.

Method & Findings

  • The study used automated assays to measure IgG and IgA concentrations in the saliva and serum of horses with EGUS, and compared them with other biomarkers of the immune system and oxidative stress.
  • The research validated the use of the IgG and IgA assays in saliva.
  • The study found a significant increase in IgA levels in the saliva of horses with EGUS.
  • When the study assessed the correlation between IgG and IgA and other biomarkers such as ADA, S100 A8-A9, S100 A12, uric acid, FRAS, and AOPP, it found that IgA in saliva had a significant moderate correlation with adenosine deaminase (ADA).

Conclusion

  • The research provides evidence that EGUS in horses is associated with changes in specific immunoglobulins, particularly IgA.
  • The correlation of IgA with adenosine deaminase suggests a potential role of this immunoglobulin in the immune reaction occurring in EGUS, warranting further investigation of the immune response in horses afflicted with the syndrome.

Cite This Article

APA
Botía M, Martín-Cuervo M, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ, Ayala I, Hansen S, Muñoz-Prieto A. (2024). Changes in Immunoglobulins G and A in the Saliva and Serum of Horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) and Their Relationship with Other Immune and Redox Status Biomarkers. Biology (Basel), 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13110891

Publication

Biology
ISSN: 2079-7737
NlmUniqueID: 101587988
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 11

Researcher Affiliations

Botía, María
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Martín-Cuervo, María
  • Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Cáceres, University of Extremadura, Av. de la Universidad S-N, 10005 Cáceres, Spain.
Martínez-Subiela, Silvia
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Cerón, José Joaquín
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Ayala, Ignacio
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Hansen, Sanni
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School of Medicine, Sektion Medicine and Surgery, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Allé5, DK-2630 Høje-Taastrup, Denmark.
Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto
  • Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.

Grant Funding

  • 21789/FPI/22 / Fundación Séneca - Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia
  • RYC2021-033660-I / Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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