Characterisation of early and late bovine papillomavirus protein expression in equine sarcoids.
Abstract: Sarcoids are common skin tumours of horses and donkeys that are characterised by persistent proliferation of dermal fibroblasts associated with the presence of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA. Some early BPV proteins have been demonstrated within sarcoids and RNA containing both early and late transcripts is present, yet it remains unclear whether late replication of BPV, culminating in the production of infectious virus particles, can occur in equids. Here we report that BPV1 RNA isolated from equine sarcoids encodes a unique deletion of four residues within the L2 protein suggesting a novel variant of virus has evolved in equines. Such viral evolution would require the production and transmission of virus particles among horses with sarcoids. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of mRNA transcripts containing early gene message in sarcoid tissues and BPV-E2 early virus antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in the nuclei of dermal fibroblasts, but no E2 expression could be detected within the overlying epidermis where productive virus replication would be expected to occur. Although immunohistochemistry clearly detected late virus proteins in the nuclei of dermal cells from samples of bovine papillomas, no late protein expression was detected in formalin-fixed tissue from equine sarcoids; either in the dermis or epidermis. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that late gene mRNA represented <0.3% of the transcribed BPV RNA. We conclude that BPV does not undergo productive infection in the epidermis overlying equine sarcoids at levels comparable with that occurring in its natural bovine host.
Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-10-17 PubMed ID: 23123175DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.010Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates the behavior of Bovine Papillomavirus (BPV) in equine sarcoids, common skin tumors found in horses and donkeys. It concludes that, unlike in bovines, BPV does not complete its life cycle to produce infectious virus particles in equine sarcoids at comparable levels.
Bovine Papillomavirus and Equine Sarcoids
- Equine sarcoids are common skin tumors in horses and donkeys that display persistent proliferation of dermal fibroblasts.
- The presence of Bovine Papillomavirus (BPV) DNA has been connected with these sarcoids, suggesting that this virus plays a role in the development of these tumors.
- Past studies have found early BPV proteins within sarcoids and RNA containing both early and late transcripts.
- However, it’s still unclear whether the late stage of BPV replication, which results in the creation of infectious virus particles, can occur in equids (the horse family).
The Unique Properties of BPV in Equine Sarcoids
- BPV1 RNA isolated from equine sarcoids was found to code for a unique deletion of four residues within the L2 protein. This suggested the evolution of a novel variant of the virus specific to horses.
- For such viral evolution to occur, the production and transmission of virus particles among horses with sarcoids would be necessary.
- Early gene mRNA transcripts were found in sarcoid tissues, and early BPV-E2 virus antigen was detected in the nuclei of dermal fibroblasts.
- However, no E2 expression was found in the overlying epidermis where productive virus replication is expected to occur.
Lack of Complete BPV Replication in Equine Sarcoids
- No late protein expression was detected in fixed tissue from equine sarcoids, neither in the dermis nor the epidermis.
- Whereas late virus proteins were clearly present in the nuclei of dermal cells from bovine papillomas, suggesting complete virus replication.
- Quantitative RT-PCR showed that late gene mRNA represented less than 0.3% of the transcribed BPV RNA. This small percentage hints at a very limited late-stage replication of BPV in horses.
- The study concludes that BPV does not undergo productive infection in the epidermis of equine sarcoids – at least not at levels comparable with those found in bovines, its natural host.
Cite This Article
APA
Wilson AD, Armstrong ELR, Gofton RG, Mason J, De Toit N, Day MJ.
(2012).
Characterisation of early and late bovine papillomavirus protein expression in equine sarcoids.
Vet Microbiol, 162(2-4), 369-380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.010 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, Langford, Bristol BS40 7DU, UK. Electronic address: doug.wilson@bris.ac.uk.
- University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, Langford, Bristol BS40 7DU, UK.
- University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, Langford, Bristol BS40 7DU, UK.
- University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, Langford, Bristol BS40 7DU, UK.
- University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, Langford, Bristol BS40 7DU, UK; Veterinary Laboratory, The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 0NU, UK.
- University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, Langford, Bristol BS40 7DU, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / genetics
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / isolation & purification
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / metabolism
- Cattle
- DNA, Viral / analysis
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- DNA, Viral / isolation & purification
- Equidae
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Immunohistochemistry
- Papillomavirus Infections / metabolism
- Papillomavirus Infections / pathology
- Papillomavirus Infections / veterinary
- Papillomavirus Infections / virology
- RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger / genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Skin Neoplasms / metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms / pathology
- Skin Neoplasms / veterinary
- Viral Proteins / biosynthesis
- Viral Proteins / genetics
Grant Funding
- Wellcome Trust
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Brandt S. Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids-From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines.. Vaccines (Basel) 2023 Mar 30;11(4).
- Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Kirnbauer R, Brandt S. Papillomavirus-like Particles in Equine Medicine.. Viruses 2023 Jan 25;15(2).
- Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Reicher P, Miglinci L, Brodesser DM, Brandt S. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 or 2 Virion-Infected Primary Fibroblasts Constitute a Near-Natural Equine Sarcoid Model.. Viruses 2022 Nov 28;14(12).
- Gysens L, Vanmechelen B, Haspeslagh M, Maes P, Martens A. New approach for genomic characterisation of equine sarcoid-derived BPV-1/-2 using nanopore-based sequencing.. Virol J 2022 Jan 6;19(1):8.
- Kattner P, Zeiler K, Herbener VJ, Ferla-Brühl K, Kassubek R, Grunert M, Burster T, Brühl O, Weber AS, Strobel H, Karpel-Massler G, Ott S, Hagedorn A, Tews D, Schulz A, Prasad V, Siegelin MD, Nonnenmacher L, Fischer-Posovszky P, Halatsch ME, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA. What Animal Cancers teach us about Human Biology.. Theranostics 2021;11(14):6682-6702.
- Savini F, Gallina L, Prosperi A, Puleio R, Lavazza A, Di Marco P, Tumino S, Moreno A, Lelli D, Guercio A, Scagliarini A. Bovine Papillomavirus 1 Gets Out of the Flock: Detection in an Ovine Wart in Sicily.. Pathogens 2020 May 30;9(6).
- Martano M, Altamura G, Power K, Restucci B, Carella F, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Evaluation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1α) in Equine Sarcoid: An Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study.. Pathogens 2020 Jan 14;9(1).
- Hatama S, Murakami K, Yamamoto S, Kadota K. Detection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 DNA in calf conjunctival myofibroblastoma.. J Vet Med Sci 2018 Nov 1;80(10):1544-1548.
- Wilson AD, Hicks C. Both tumour cells and infiltrating T-cells in equine sarcoids express FOXP3 associated with an immune-supressed cytokine microenvironment.. Vet Res 2016 May 9;47(1):55.
- Lunardi M, de Alcântara BK, Otonel RA, Rodrigues WB, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Bovine papillomavirus type 13 DNA in equine sarcoids.. J Clin Microbiol 2013 Jul;51(7):2167-71.
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