Characterization of anti-crotalic antibodies.
Abstract: Crotalus durissus terrificus, C. d. collilineatus, C. d. cascavella and C. d. marajoensis are responsible minor but severe snake bites in Brazil. The venoms of these snakes share the presence of crotoxin, a neurotoxin comprising of two associated components, crotapotin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Treatment of the victims with specific antiserum is the unique effective therapeutic measure. The ability of anti-Crotalus antisera produced by the routine using crude venom to immunize horses or purified crotoxin and PLA2 as individual immunogens was compared. Antisera obtained from horses immunized with C. durissus terrificus crude venom were able to recognize and neutralize not only the toxins presents in C. durissus terrificus, but also the ones present in the venoms from C. d. collilineatus, C. d. cascavella and C. d. marajoensis. Antisera from horses immunized with individual crotoxin or PLA2, although in lesser titers, were also able of recognizing the toxins in all four Crotalus species and neutralize the lethality of the C. d. terrificus venom.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2013-02-08 PubMed ID: 23402840DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.015Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates how antibodies against different snake venoms can neutralize toxins, focusing on various species of the Crotalus genus, responsible for serious snake bites in Brazil.
Introduction
- Four species of the Crotalus durissus snake (terrificus, collilineatus, cascavella, and marajoensis) are found in Brazil and cause minor but severe snake bites.
- The venom they produce contains a neurotoxin called crotoxin, which is made of two components: crotapotin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2).
- The standard treatment for these snake bites is an antiserum specific to each venom.
Objective and Methods of the Study
- The study compares the ability of anti-Crotalus antisera produced either using crude venom or purified components of the venom (crotoxin and PLA2) as immunogens.
- The antisera were given to horses to determine their effects.
Results
- The research showed antisera derived from horses immunized with C. durissus terrificus crude venom could identify and neutralize elements not only in the venom of C. durissus terrificus, but also of C. d. collilineatus, C. d. cascavella, and C. d. marajoensis.
- Therefore, this antiserum can potentially offer protection against venoms of multiple Crotalus species.
- Antisera obtained from horses that were immunized with crotoxin or PLA2 separately, while having lower titers, could still recognize the toxins present in all four species of Crotalus and neutralize them.
Conclusion
- The study validates the use of crude venom in generating antivenom.
- It also provides evidence that antisera generated using the components of the venom independently, specifically crotoxin and PLA2, can offer cross-neutralization for venoms from different Crotalus species.
- This opens up the possibility of producing a wide-ranging antiserum that could neutralize the effects of bites from multiple species.
Cite This Article
APA
Guidolin FR, Tambourgi DV, Guidolin R, Marcelino JR, Okamoto CK, Magnoli FC, Queiroz GP, Dias da Silva W.
(2013).
Characterization of anti-crotalic antibodies.
Toxicon, 66, 7-17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.01.015 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antivenins / biosynthesis
- Antivenins / immunology
- Antivenins / pharmacology
- Biological Assay
- Crotalid Venoms / immunology
- Crotalid Venoms / toxicity
- Crotoxin / immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Horses / immunology
- Lethal Dose 50
- Male
- Mice
- Neurotoxins / immunology
- Neutralization Tests
- Phospholipases A2 / immunology
- Snake Bites / drug therapy
- Snake Bites / immunology
- Snake Bites / mortality
- Survival Analysis
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Godoi KS, Guidolin FR, Portaro FCV, Spencer PJ, da Silva WD. Anti-Metalloproteases: Production and Characterization of Polyclonal IgG Anti-F2 Fraction Antibodies Purified from the Venom of the Snake Bitis arietans. Toxins (Basel) 2023 Apr 1;15(4).
- Nong JF, Huang Z, Huang ZZ, Yang J, Li JC, Yang F, Huang DL, Wang F, Wang W. Development of sandwich ELISA and lateral flow assay for the detection of Bungarus multicinctus venom. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023 Mar;17(3):e0011165.
- Dias da Silva W, De Andrade SA, Megale ÂAA, De Souza DA, Sant'Anna OA, Magnoli FC, Guidolin FR, Godoi KS, Saladini LY, Spencer PJ, Portaro FCV. Antibodies as Snakebite Antivenoms: Past and Future. Toxins (Basel) 2022 Sep 1;14(9).
- Frare BT, Silva Resende YK, Dornelas BC, Jorge MT, Souza Ricarte VA, Alves LM, Izidoro LFM. Clinical, Laboratory, and Therapeutic Aspects of Crotalus durissus (South American Rattlesnake) Victims: A Literature Review. Biomed Res Int 2019;2019:1345923.
- Guidolin FR, Caricati CP, Marcelino JR, da Silva WD. Development of Equine IgG Antivenoms against Major Snake Groups in Mozambique. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016 Jan;10(1):e0004325.
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