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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025; 14(11); 1082; doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14111082

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus CC1 and CC1660 of Human and Equine Origin.

Abstract: : isolates from humans and horses of the equine-associated clonal complexes (CCs) CC1 and CC1660 were comparatively investigated for their genomic relationships. : A total of 91 isolates (64 human, 27 equine) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS), sequence analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. : WGS confirmed 75 CC1 and 16 CC1660 isolates, comprising nine sequence types (STs) in CC1 and four STs in CC1660. Ten types were present in CC1 and five in CC1660. In the gene of three CC1 isolates, a 285 bp deletion was detected, and a nucleotide deletion causing a premature stop codon was found in one CC1660 isolate. Core genome (cg) MLST revealed a minimum difference of 1398/1492 alleles between the two CCs. All CC1 isolates harbored group III and capsule type 8 alleles, whereas all CC1660 isolates had group II and capsule type 5 alleles. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed 18 phenotypic and 19 genotypic resistance patterns. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin. Several virulence genes were detected in different combinations. The equine leukocidin genes were found in 22 isolates from horses and 38 isolates from humans, of which 35 had confirmed contact with horses. No Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes were found. Three human CC1660 isolates carried the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene . : The analysis of the 91 isolates might suggest intra- and interspecies transmission among and between humans and horses, which should be monitored in the future.
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Publication Date: 2025-10-27 PubMed ID: 41301578PubMed Central: PMC12649262DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14111082Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study compares the genetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus clonal complexes CC1 and CC1660 isolated from humans and horses.
  • The research investigates the genomic relationships between human- and equine-associated strains to understand potential transmission and differences in virulence and resistance.

Background and Objectives

  • Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that can infect both humans and animals, including horses.
  • The study focuses on two specific clonal complexes (CC1 and CC1660) of S. aureus that are associated with horses.
  • The goal was to compare the isolates collected from humans and horses to see how genetically related they are and to study their antibiotic resistance and virulence properties.

Methods

  • A total of 91 S. aureus isolates were collected: 64 from humans and 27 from horses.
  • Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to analyze the genetic material of these isolates.
  • Sequence typing identified nine different sequence types within CC1 and four within CC1660.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted to determine which antibiotics the bacteria were resistant or susceptible to.
  • Analysis included looking at specific genes related to virulence (ability to cause disease) and resistance to antibiotics.

Key Findings: Genomic Relationships

  • WGS confirmed 75 isolates belonged to CC1 and 16 to CC1660.
  • The allele difference (genetic variation) between CC1 and CC1660 was large, indicating clear genetic distinction between these complexes.
  • Different groups (allotypes) of genes related to capsule formation and immune evasion were found:
    • All CC1 isolates had group III immune evasion genes and capsule type 8 alleles.
    • All CC1660 isolates had group II immune evasion genes and capsule type 5 alleles.
  • Specific deletions and mutations were detected in some isolates’ immune evasion genes, potentially affecting their function.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns

  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed 18 different phenotypic resistance patterns and 19 genotypic resistance patterns among the isolates.
  • All isolates remained susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin-dalfopristin, which are important antibiotics for treating resistant infections.
  • This information highlights which antibiotics may still be effective against these S. aureus strains.

Virulence Factors and Transmission Insights

  • Several virulence genes were detected in various combinations across isolates.
  • Equine leukocidin genes (toxins potentially involved in infection severity) were found in 22 horse isolates and 38 human isolates.
  • Among the human isolates with equine leukocidin genes, 35 had confirmed contact with horses, suggesting possible cross-species transmission.
  • No Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes, commonly associated with severe human infections, were detected.
  • Three human CC1660 isolates carried the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene, indicating potential for severe toxin-mediated disease.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The study supports the idea that S. aureus strains from horses and humans, particularly those with contact to horses, might be exchanged between species (intra- and interspecies transmission).
  • Monitoring of such transmissions is important for infection control in both human and veterinary medicine.
  • Understanding the genetic differences and resistance profiles can better inform treatment strategies and prevent the spread of resistant or particularly virulent strains.

Cite This Article

APA
(2025). Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus CC1 and CC1660 of Human and Equine Origin. Antibiotics (Basel), 14(11), 1082. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14111082

Publication

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2079-6382
NlmUniqueID: 101637404
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 11
PII: 1082

Researcher Affiliations

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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