Characterization of the inflammatory response to anthelmintic treatment of ponies with cyathostominosis.
Abstract: Cyathostomins can cause a severe inflammation of equine large intestine characterized by substantial ventral edema and pronounced protein loss. Anthelmintic treatment of horses can result in a localized inflammatory response in the colonic mucosa of clinically normal horses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic inflammatory response of ponies naturally infected with cyathostomins to single dose representatives of three anthelmintic drug classes, namely, oxibendazole, pyrantel pamoate, and moxidectin. Thirty ponies aged between 1 and 18 years of age were allocated to one of three anthelmintic treatments groups. Anthelmintic efficacy was evaluated using the fecal egg count reduction test performed weekly between 2 and 8 weeks post-treatment. Inflammatory responses were evaluated on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 14 after treatment using hematology, measurement of the acute phase inflammatory markers serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and iron, and real-time PCR measurement of expression of the genes for interleukins 1-β and -10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ. There were subtle inflammatory responses to treatment, but cytokine expression was significantly associated with the interaction term between treatment group and anthelmintic efficacy (P<0.05). Of the acute phase markers, only fibrinogen associated with treatment group. The findings suggest that systemic inflammatory responses subsequent to anthelmintic treatment of cyathostomin infection are minimal. It is possible that this response is 'buffered' by anti-inflammatory products of the parasites and/or the anti-inflammatory effects of the macrocyclic lactones.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2013-08-16 PubMed ID: 24035469DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.012Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
Summary
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The research aims to understand the inflammatory response in ponies infected with cyathostomins, a type of parasitic worm, following treatments with three different anti-worm medications. The results suggest that the body’s systemic inflammatory reactions to these treatments are minimal, potentially due to the parasites’ own anti-inflammatory actions or those of the medication.
Objective and Methodology
- The goal of this study was to assess the systemic inflammatory response in ponies naturally infected with cyathostomins when treated with one of three classes of deworming drugs: oxibendazole, pyrantel pamoate, and moxidectin.
- Thirty ponies aged 1-18 were divided into three treatment groups. The effectiveness of the deworming treatment was assessed using a fecal egg count reduction test carried out weekly between 2 and 8 weeks after treatment.
- Inflammatory responses were assessed on selected days after treatment through hematology (the study of blood), the measurement of certain proteins known to respond to inflammation in the body (serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and iron), and by examining gene expressions for certain cytokines (interleukins 1-β and -10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ).
Findings
- Subtle inflammatory reactions were linked to treatment, with significant associations between cytokine expressions and the interaction between the treatment group and the effectiveness of the deworming medication.
- Among the various inflammation markers, only fibrinogen showed association with the treatment group.
- The research concluded that the systemic inflammatory reaction following deworming treatment in ponies infected with cyathostomins is minimal.
Possible Explanations
- The study suggests the presence of a ‘buffer’ against inflammation which might be a result of anti-inflammatory products from the parasites themselves or the anti-inflammatory actions of the worming medications (specifically macrocyclic lactones).
- However, more research would be needed to fully understand this ‘buffering’ effect against inflammation.
Cite This Article
APA
Nielsen MK, Betancourt A, Lyons ET, Horohov DW, Jacobsen S.
(2013).
Characterization of the inflammatory response to anthelmintic treatment of ponies with cyathostominosis.
Vet J, 198(2), 457-462.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.012 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address: martin.nielsen@uky.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Acute-Phase Proteins / genetics
- Acute-Phase Proteins / metabolism
- Animals
- Antinematodal Agents / immunology
- Antinematodal Agents / pharmacology
- Benzimidazoles / immunology
- Benzimidazoles / pharmacology
- Cytokines / genetics
- Cytokines / metabolism
- Feces / parasitology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Macrolides / immunology
- Macrolides / pharmacology
- Male
- Pyrantel Pamoate / immunology
- Pyrantel Pamoate / pharmacology
- Strongylida Infections / blood
- Strongylida Infections / drug therapy
- Strongylida Infections / immunology
- Strongylida Infections / veterinary
- Strongyloidea / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Boisseau M, Dhorne-Pollet S, Bars-Cortina D, Courtot É, Serreau D, Annonay G, Lluch J, Gesbert A, Reigner F, Sallé G, Mach N. Species interactions, stability, and resilience of the gut microbiota - Helminth assemblage in horses.. iScience 2023 Feb 17;26(2):106044.
- Chovanová F, Tóthová C, Klein R, Nagy O. Changes in the Serum Protein Fractions in Goats after Treatment of Natural Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections.. Vet Med Int 2021;2021:9946519.
- Long A, Nolen-Walston R. Equine Inflammatory Markers in the Twenty-First Century: A Focus on Serum Amyloid A.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2020 Apr;36(1):147-160.
- Hall SA, Stucke D, Morrone B, Lebelt D, Zanella AJ. Simultaneous detection and quantification of six equine cytokines in plasma using a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA).. MethodsX 2015;2:241-8.
- Nelson FB, Brown GP, Shilton C, Shine R. Host-parasite interactions during a biological invasion: The fate of lungworms (Rhabdias spp.) inside native and novel anuran hosts.. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2015 Aug;4(2):206-15.
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