Cholelithiasis in horses: ten cases (1982-1986).

This research paper investigates the occurrence of gallstones (cholelithiasis) in horses, outlining the symptoms, diagnosis methods, treatment options, and results from a study of ten cases recorded between 1982 and 1986.

Introduction

• The study focuses on cholelithiasis, a condition in which gallstones form within the gallbladder or bile ducts. In this context, the condition is explored in horses.

Study Subjects and Clinical Signs

• Ten horses exhibiting symptoms suggestive of cholelithiasis were selected as the study’s subjects.
• Commonly reported symptoms included fever, yellowing of the skin (icterus), episodes of mild colic, and weight loss.

Diagnostic Methods

• Standard laboratory tests for confirming the presence of cholelithiasis were conducted. These included checks for elevated white blood cell counts (leukocytosis), excessive protein in the blood (hyper-proteinemia), and high levels of fibrinogen (hyperfibrinogenemia).
• The activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, an enzyme implicated in liver diseases, and the liver isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase were also found to be high.
• For further confirmation, ultrasonography of the liver was performed for eight horses, with gallstones found in five.
• All of the examined horses showed increased echogenicity in the liver tissues and enlarged bile ducts, signs consistent with cholelithiasis or other liver conditions.

Treatment and Outcome

• Various treatment approaches were used based on the severity and specific case. Seven horses were given medical treatment, but only five survived.
• The remaining three were treated surgically, with just one surviving this procedure.

Analysis of Choleliths

• The composition of the gallstones varied between subjects. However, cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and mixed bile pigments were the most frequently observed components.