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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in horses: aeti...
Equine veterinary journal1979; 11(3); 159-166; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01330.x

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in horses: aetiological studies: responses to intradermal and inhalation antigenic challenge.

Abstract: Micropolyspora faeni and Aspergillus fumigatus were identified as common causes of respiratory hypersensitivity in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rye grass pollen and an Actinomycete evoked respiratory allergy in a few horses. Not infrequently, individual horses were found to have respiratory hypersensitivity to two or more antigens. The methods used to examine for allergy were intradermal testing and inhalation challenge with environmental antigens. An intradermal test using an M faeni extract was demonstrated to be suitable for diagnostic use in horses previously accurately diagnosed as suffering from COPD. In contrast, the A fumigatus antigen used proved unsatisfactory for such a purpose. Skin reaction to M faeni and A fumigatus extracts by horses affected with COPD indicated that the hypersensitivity was a dual one--a weak response shortly after injection followed by an Arthus-like response 4 to 8 hours later. As a parameter for monitoring responses to inhalation challenge, maximum intrathoracic pressure change (max delta Ppl) proved satisfactory, whereas changes in partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) did not.
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Publication Date: 1979-07-01 PubMed ID: 385306DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01330.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examines the causes and diagnostic methods for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in horses, identifying two types of fungi as common causes and proposing diagnostic tests involving skin reactions and monitoring of intrathoracic pressure changes.

Background and aim

  • The research focusses on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common condition in horses characterized by respiratory hypersensitivity.
  • The study aims to identify the common allergens causing COPD in horses and assess the suitability of different diagnostic tests.
  • Micropolyspora faeni and Aspergillus fumigatus, both of which are types of fungi, were singled out as likely sources of the allergy.

Methods

  • Two diagnostic methods were used in the study: intradermal testing, which involves injecting a small amount of an allergen into the skin and observing the reaction, and inhalation challenge, where an animal is exposed to the potential allergens through the air they breathe.
  • The research also evaluated two parameters for monitoring responses to inhalation challenge: maximum intrathoracic pressure change (max delta Ppl) and changes in the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2).

Findings

  • The study confirmed that Micropolyspora faeni and Aspergillus fumigatus are indeed common causes of COPD in horses. Rye grass pollen and an actinomycete bacterium were also identified as potential allergens for some horses.
  • The researchers found that in some cases, horses exhibited respiratory hypersensitivity to two or many antigens.
  • The intradermal test with M. faeni extract was proven effective for diagnosing COPD in horses accurately, while A. fumigatus was deemed unsatisfactory in this regard.
  • Both M. faeni and A. fumigatus led to a dual allergic reaction in horses with COPD, demonstrated by a weak response shortly after injection followed by a stronger Arthus-type reaction 4 to 8 hours later.
  • Maximum intrathoracic pressure change was found to be a satisfactory method for monitoring the horse’s response following an inhalation challenge, while changes in the partial pressure of arterial oxygen were deemed ineffective.

Conclusion and implications

  • The findings from this study advance our understanding of the causes and suitable diagnostic methods for COPD in horses. This knowledge can help veterinarians make accurate diagnoses and develop effective treatment plans for horses affected by this condition.

Cite This Article

APA
McPherson EA, Lawson GH, Murphy JR, Nicholson JM, Breeze RG, Pirie HM. (1979). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in horses: aetiological studies: responses to intradermal and inhalation antigenic challenge. Equine Vet J, 11(3), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01330.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 0425-1644
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
Pages: 159-166

Researcher Affiliations

McPherson, E A
    Lawson, G H
      Murphy, J R
        Nicholson, J M
          Breeze, R G
            Pirie, H M

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Antigens / administration & dosage
              • Antigens, Bacterial / administration & dosage
              • Antigens, Fungal / administration & dosage
              • Aspergillus fumigatus / immunology
              • Bronchial Provocation Tests / veterinary
              • Dust
              • Horse Diseases / immunology
              • Horses
              • Intradermal Tests / veterinary
              • Lung Diseases, Obstructive / immunology
              • Lung Diseases, Obstructive / veterinary
              • Micromonosporaceae / immunology
              • Pollen
              • Respiratory Hypersensitivity / immunology
              • Respiratory Hypersensitivity / veterinary
              • Skin Tests / veterinary

              Citations

              This article has been cited 12 times.
              1. Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Alberti E, Conturba B, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Intradermal Testing Results in Horses Affected by Mild-Moderate and Severe Equine Asthma.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 13;11(7).
                doi: 10.3390/ani11072086pubmed: 34359214google scholar: lookup
              2. White S, Moore-Colyer M, Marti E, Coüetil L, Hannant D, Richard EA, Alcocer M. Development of a comprehensive protein microarray for immunoglobulin E profiling in horses with severe asthma.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Sep;33(5):2327-2335.
                doi: 10.1111/jvim.15564pubmed: 31429513google scholar: lookup
              3. Dauvillier J, Ter Woort F, van Erck-Westergren E. Fungi in respiratory samples of horses with inflammatory airway disease.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Mar;33(2):968-975.
                doi: 10.1111/jvim.15397pubmed: 30576012google scholar: lookup
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                pubmed: 19086376
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                pubmed: 8055432
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                doi: 10.1007/BF02214891pubmed: 6868343google scholar: lookup
              9. Khan ZU, Misra VC, Randhawa HS. Precipitating antibodies against Micropolyspora faeni in equines in north-western India.. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1985;51(3):313-9.
                doi: 10.1007/BF02439940pubmed: 3937491google scholar: lookup
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                doi: 10.1042/bj2740465pubmed: 2006910google scholar: lookup
              12. Gallivan GJ, Viel L, Baird JD, McDonell WN. Pulmonary structure and function in adult dairy cows with an expanded lung field.. Can J Vet Res 1991 Jan;55(1):15-20.
                pubmed: 1884279
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