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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / Circovirus in Blood of a Febrile Horse with Hepatitis.
Viruses2021; 13(5); 944; doi: 10.3390/v13050944

Circovirus in Blood of a Febrile Horse with Hepatitis.

Abstract: Circoviruses infect vertebrates where they can result in a wide range of disease signs or in asymptomatic infections. Using viral metagenomics we analyzed a pool of five sera from four healthy and one sick horse. Sequences from parvovirus-H, equus anellovirus, and distantly related to mammalian circoviruses were recognized. PCR identified the circovirus reads as originating from a pregnant mare with fever and hepatitis. That horse's serum was also positive by real time PCR for equine parvovirus H and negative for the flavivirus equine hepacivirus. The complete circular genome of equine circovirus 1 strain Charaf (EqCV1-Charaf) was completed using PCR and Sanger sequencing. EqCV1 replicase showed 73-74% identity to those of their closest relatives, pig circoviruses 1/2, and elk circovirus. The closest capsid proteins were from the same ungulate circoviruses with 62-63% identity. The overall nucleotide identity of 72% to its closest relative indicates that EqCV1 is a new species in the genus, the first reported in genus Equus. Whether EqCV1 alone or in co-infections can result in disease and its prevalence in different equine populations will require further studies now facilitated using EqCV1's genome sequence.
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Publication Date: 2021-05-20 PubMed ID: 34065502PubMed Central: PMC8161410DOI: 10.3390/v13050944Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article revolves around the discovery of a new circovirus, named EqCV1, in the blood of a pregnant mare suffering from fever and hepatitis. The genome of this newly discovered virus was studied and compared with existing viral genomes, being the first of its kind to be found in the Equus genus.

Research Context and Metagenomics Analysis

  • The research opens with a description of circoviruses. These are viruses that affect vertebrates and can manifest a range of disease symptoms or remain asymptomatic.
  • The scientists used a technique known as viral metagenomics, a method of analyzing viral genetic material, to study samples from four healthy horses and one sick horse. The samples were collected in the form of sera, the clear liquid that can be separated from clotted blood.
  • Sequences from three different types of viruses were recognized: parvovirus-H, equus anellovirus, and a virus distantly related to mammalian circoviruses.

Detection and Identification of New Circovirus

  • PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), a widely used technique in molecular biology to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment, was used and it identified the circovirus reads as coming from the sick horse which was a pregnant mare suffering from fever and hepatitis.
  • Further testing using real-time PCR showed the horse’s serum was positive for equine parvovirus H, but it didn’t have the flavivirus equine hepacivirus.
  • A sequence of techniques and careful analyses led to the complete circular genome of the new circovirus, dubbed equine circovirus 1 strain Charaf (EqCV1-Charaf), being determined.

Genomic Comparison of EqCV1 and its Significance

  • The genome of this new virus was then compared to that of other known circoviruses.
  • It was found that EqCV1’s replicase, an enzyme that duplicates the viral RNA or DNA, is 73-74% similar to that of its closest relatives, pig circoviruses 1/2 and elk circovirus.
  • The closest capsid proteins, the protein shell of a virus, were also from these same ungulate circoviruses with 62-63% identity.
  • The overall genomic similarity of 72% to its closest viral relative is taken as evidence that EqCV1 is a new species of circovirus within the Equus genus – the first time a circovirus has been identified in this group.
  • The research concludes by stating that much more study is needed – now facilitated by the knowledge of the EqCV1 genome – to understand whether this new circovirus can cause disease alone or in combination with other infections, and to learn about its prevalence in different horse populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Hui A, Altan E, Slovis N, Fletcher C, Deng X, Delwart E. (2021). Circovirus in Blood of a Febrile Horse with Hepatitis. Viruses, 13(5), 944. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050944

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 5
PII: 944

Researcher Affiliations

Hui, Alvin
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Altan, Eda
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Slovis, Nathan
  • Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, 4250 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40361, USA.
Fletcher, Caitlin
  • Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, 4250 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40361, USA.
Deng, Xutao
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Delwart, Eric
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Circoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Circovirus / classification
  • Circovirus / genetics
  • Genome, Viral
  • Genomics / methods
  • Hepatitis, Viral, Animal / diagnosis
  • Hepatitis, Viral, Animal / virology
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Phylogeny
  • Viremia / diagnosis
  • Viremia / virology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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