FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Journal of clinical microbiology2015; 53(9); 3047-3053; doi: 10.1128/JCM.00728-15

Cladophialophora bantiana as an Emerging Pathogen in Animals: Case Report of Equine Endometritis and Review of the Literature.

Abstract: We present an unusual equine endometritis case associated with Cladophialophora bantiana in a 15-year-old mare. The mare displayed infertility and uterine fluid accumulation with numerous black, hairy granules. Microscopically, the fluid revealed numerous septate, dark fungal hyphae and conidia in chains. Culture yielded C. bantiana (CBS 138271); the species was confirmed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Treatment was unsuccessful. C. bantiana causes cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in humans, while animal cases are rare. Animal cases are reviewed.
Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2015-06-17 PubMed ID: 26085616PubMed Central: PMC4540934DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00728-15Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Case Reports
  • Journal Article
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research involves the investigation of an uncommon case of equine endometritis, an inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus, in a mare. This condition was induced by Cladophialophora bantiana, a fungus often leading to a severe brain infection in humans. Despite treatment, the horse could not be cured successfully. Animal cases resulting from this fungus are quite rare and the article also provides an overview of such cases from other research.

Research Study and Findings

In this study, researchers detail an unusual occurrence of endometritis, a disease occurring in the uterus of a mare, which was incited by a fungus known as Cladophialophora bantiana. Core details of the identified pathogenicity are as follows:

  • The investigated case dealt with a 15-year-old mare suffering from infertility and an accumulation of uterine fluid, which featured multiple black, hairy granules.
  • Examining the uterine fluid microscopically, the researchers identified a considerable number of septate, dark fungal hyphae and conidia (asexual fungal spores).
  • Culturing the microorganisms present in the fluid resulted in the growth of C. bantiana. This categorization was substantiated through Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing – a commonly used DNA-based tool that assists in identifying fungi due to variations in the ITS region.
  • Therapeutic measures taken to counteract this infection were unsuccessful, culminating in the horse’s death.

Historical Context and Review

The researchers stress that instances of C. bantiana causing diseases in animals are quite rare. This fungus is primarily known to induce cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in humans, an infection characterized by the formation of a mass lesion in the brain.

  • The text hints at the potential of C. bantiana as an emerging pathogen in animals, indicating the fungus’s ability to host diseases not just in humans but also in a variety of animal species.
  • The study also incorporates a detailed review of similar rare animal cases attributable to the C. bantiana fungal pathogen. This historical context bolsters the study’s scientific findings and enhances understanding of the fungus’ host range and pathogenic capabilities.

Cite This Article

APA
Rantala M, Attia S, Koukila-Kähkölä P, de Hoog S, Anttila M, Katila T. (2015). Cladophialophora bantiana as an Emerging Pathogen in Animals: Case Report of Equine Endometritis and Review of the Literature. J Clin Microbiol, 53(9), 3047-3053. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00728-15

Publication

Journal of clinical microbiology
ISSN: 1098-660X
NlmUniqueID: 7505564
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 53
Issue: 9
Pages: 3047-3053

Researcher Affiliations

Rantala, Merja
  • Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland merja.rantala@helsinki.fi.
Attia, Stella
  • Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland.
Koukila-Kähkölä, Pirkko
  • Mycology Unit, Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland.
de Hoog, Sybren
  • CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Anttila, Marjukka
  • Pathology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland.
Katila, Terttu
  • Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Ascomycota / classification
  • Ascomycota / genetics
  • Ascomycota / isolation & purification
  • Cluster Analysis
  • DNA, Fungal / chemistry
  • DNA, Fungal / genetics
  • DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / chemistry
  • DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / genetics
  • Endometritis / microbiology
  • Endometritis / pathology
  • Endometritis / veterinary
  • Exudates and Transudates / microbiology
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Microbiological Techniques
  • Microscopy
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mycoses / microbiology
  • Mycoses / pathology
  • Mycoses / veterinary
  • Phylogeny
  • Pregnancy
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA

References

This article includes 47 references
  1. Möller EM, Bahnweg G, Sandermann H, Geiger HH. A simple and efficient protocol for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from filamentous fungi, fruit bodies, and infected plant tissues.. Nucleic Acids Res 1992 Nov 25;20(22):6115-6.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/20.22.6115pmc: PMC334490pubmed: 1461751google scholar: lookup
  2. White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor JW. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. 1990;p 315–322.
  3. LeBlanc MM, Causey RC. Clinical and subclinical endometritis in the mare: both threats to fertility.. Reprod Domest Anim 2009 Sep;44 Suppl 3:10-22.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01485.xpubmed: 19660076google scholar: lookup
  4. Dascanio JJ, Schweizer C, Ley WB. Equine fungal endometritis. Equine Vet Educ 2001;13:324–329.
  5. Albihn A, Båverud V, Magnusson U. Uterine microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility in isolated bacteria from mares with fertility problems.. Acta Vet Scand 2003;44(3-4):121-9.
    doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-44-121pmc: PMC1831563pubmed: 15074625google scholar: lookup
  6. Coutinho da Silva MA, Alvarenga MA. Fungal endometritis. 2011;p 2643–2651.
  7. Seyedmousavi S, Netea MG, Mouton JW, Melchers WJ, Verweij PE, de Hoog GS. Black yeasts and their filamentous relatives: principles of pathogenesis and host defense.. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014 Jul;27(3):527-42.
    doi: 10.1128/CMR.00093-13pmc: PMC4135901pubmed: 24982320google scholar: lookup
  8. Revankar SG, Sutton DA. Melanized fungi in human disease.. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010 Oct;23(4):884-928.
    doi: 10.1128/CMR.00019-10pmc: PMC2952981pubmed: 20930077google scholar: lookup
  9. Chowdhary A, Perfect J, de Hoog GS. Black Molds and Melanized Yeasts Pathogenic to Humans.. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014 Nov 10;5(8):a019570.
    doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019570pmc: PMC4526721pubmed: 25384772google scholar: lookup
  10. Garzoni C, Markham L, Bijlenga P, Garbino J. Cladophialophora bantiana: a rare cause of fungal brain abscess. Clinical aspects and new therapeutic options.. Med Mycol 2008 Aug;46(5):481-6.
    doi: 10.1080/13693780801914906pubmed: 18608882google scholar: lookup
  11. Hussey SM, Gander R, Southern P, Hoang MP. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana.. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2005 Jun;129(6):794-7.
    pubmed: 15913432doi: 10.5858/2005-129-794-spcbcbgoogle scholar: lookup
  12. Jacyk WK, Du Bruyn JH, Holm N, Gryffenberg H, Karusseit VO. Cutaneous infection due to Cladophialophora bantiana in a patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy.. Br J Dermatol 1997 Mar;136(3):428-30.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.d01-1216.xpubmed: 9115932google scholar: lookup
  13. Jain SK, Agrawal SC, Jain PC. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis on face caused by Cladophialophora bantiana.. Mycoses 2003 Jun;46(5-6):237-39.
    pubmed: 12801371doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0507.2003.00870.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  14. Lim A, Speers D, Inderjeeth C. Cladophialophora (Xylohypha) bantiana--an unusual cause of septic arthritis.. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013 May;52(5):958-9.
    doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes317pubmed: 23196194google scholar: lookup
  15. KLITE PD, KELLEY HB Jr, DIERCKS FH. A NEW SOIL SAMPLING TECHNIQUE FOR PATHOGENIC FUNGI.. Am J Epidemiol 1965 Jan;81:124-30.
    pubmed: 14246076doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120491google scholar: lookup
  16. Dixon DM, Shadomy HJ, Shadomy S. Isolation of cladosporium trichoides from nature.. Mycopathologia 1977 Dec 16;62(2):125-7.
    doi: 10.1007/BF01259404pubmed: 563975google scholar: lookup
  17. Espinel-Ingroff A, Kerkering TM, Shadomy HJ. Isolation of dematiaceous pathogenic fungi from a feed and seed warehouse.. J Clin Microbiol 1982 Apr;15(4):714-9.
    pmc: PMC272170pubmed: 7200100doi: 10.1128/jcm.15.4.714-719.1982google scholar: lookup
  18. Jurjevic Z, Li C, Dobranic J. First finding of Cladophialophora bantiana from the indoor environment in the United States, abstr SR-140-02. Am Ind Hyg Conf Expos (AIHce) 2013;Montreal, Canada.
  19. Petrini B, Farnebo F, Hedblad MA, Appelgren P. Concomitant late soft tissue infections by Cladophialophora bantiana and Mycobacterium abscessus following tsunami injuries.. Med Mycol 2006 Mar;44(2):189-92.
    doi: 10.1080/13693780500294949pubmed: 16519023google scholar: lookup
  20. Elies L, Balandraud V, Boulouha L, Crespeau F, Guillot J. Fatal systemic phaeohyphomycosis in a cat due to Cladophialophora bantiana.. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2003 Feb;50(1):50-3.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00501.xpubmed: 12650510google scholar: lookup
  21. Guillot J, Garcia-Hermoso D, Degorce F, Deville M, Calvié C, Dickelé G, Delisle F, Chermette R. Eumycetoma caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in a dog.. J Clin Microbiol 2004 Oct;42(10):4901-3.
    doi: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4901-4903.2004pmc: PMC522343pubmed: 15472377google scholar: lookup
  22. Abramo F, Bastelli F, Nardoni S, Mancianti F. Feline cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladophyalophora bantiana.. J Feline Med Surg 2002 Sep;4(3):157-63.
    doi: 10.1053/jfms.2002.0183pubmed: 12360955google scholar: lookup
  23. Coldrick O, Brannon CL, Kydd DM, Pierce-Roberts G, Borman AM, Torrance AG. Fungal pyelonephritis due to Cladophialophora bantiana in a cat.. Vet Rec 2007 Nov 24;161(21):724-7.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.161.21.724pubmed: 18037696google scholar: lookup
  24. Janovsky M, Gröne A, Ciardo D, Völlm J, Burnens A, Fatzer R, Bacciarini LN. Phaeohyphomycosis in a snow leopard (Uncia uncia) due to Cladophialophora bantiana.. J Comp Pathol 2006 Feb-Apr;134(2-3):245-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.09.006pubmed: 16542676google scholar: lookup
  25. Miller DM, Blue JL, Winston SM. Keratomycosis caused by Cladosporium sp in a cat.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983 May 15;182(10):1121-2.
    pubmed: 6863127
  26. Migaki G, Casey HW, Bayles WB. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a dog.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987 Oct 15;191(8):997-8.
    pubmed: 3680000
  27. Bentley RT, Faissler D, Sutherland-Smith J. Successful management of an intracranial phaeohyphomycotic fungal granuloma in a dog.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011 Aug 15;239(4):480-5.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.239.4.480pubmed: 21838585google scholar: lookup
  28. Mariani CL, Platt SR, Scase TJ, Howerth EW, Chrisman CL, Clemmons RM. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladosporium spp. in two domestic shorthair cats.. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002 May-Jun;38(3):225-30.
    doi: 10.5326/0380225pubmed: 12022407google scholar: lookup
  29. Bouljihad M, Lindeman CJ, Hayden DW. Pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis associated with dematiaceous fungal (Cladophialophora bantiana) infection in a domestic cat.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2002 Jan;14(1):70-2.
    doi: 10.1177/104063870201400116pubmed: 12680650google scholar: lookup
  30. Evans N, Gunew M, Marshall R, Martin P, Barrs V. Focal pulmonary granuloma caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in a domestic short haired cat.. Med Mycol 2011 Feb;49(2):194-7.
    doi: 10.3109/13693786.2010.519349pubmed: 20854228google scholar: lookup
  31. Shinwari MW, Thomas AD, Orr JS. Feline cerebral phaeohyphomycosis associated with Cladosporium bantianum.. Aust Vet J 1985 Nov;62(11):383-4.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1985.tb14216.xpubmed: 3834905google scholar: lookup
  32. Simmons JK, McManamon R, Rech RR, Phillips AE, Howerth EW. Pathology in practice. Necrotizing pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional fungal hyphae, consistent with Cladophialophora bantiana.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010 Feb 1;236(3):295-7.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.236.3.295pubmed: 20113240google scholar: lookup
  33. Jang SS, Biberstein EL, Rinaldi MG, Henness AM, Boorman GA, Taylor RF. Feline brain abscesses due to Cladosporium trichoides.. Sabouraudia 1977 Jul;15(2):115-23.
    doi: 10.1080/00362177785190191pubmed: 905917google scholar: lookup
  34. Añor S, Sturges BK, Lafranco L, Jang SS, Higgins RJ, Koblik PD, LeCouteur RA. Systemic phaeohyphomycosis (Cladophialophora bantiana) in a dog--clinical diagnosis with stereotactic computed tomographic-guided brain biopsy.. J Vet Intern Med 2001 May-Jun;15(3):257-61.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02321.xpubmed: 11380037google scholar: lookup
  35. Lobetti RG. Leukogram and serum globulin values in two dogs with systemic Xylohypha bantiana infection.. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1996 Jun;67(2):91-2.
    pubmed: 8765070
  36. Schroeder H, Jardine JE, Davis V. Systemic phaeohyphomycosis caused by Xylohypha bantiana in a dog.. J S Afr Vet Assoc 1994 Dec;65(4):175-8.
    pubmed: 7602573
  37. Frank C, Vemulapalli R, Lin T. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladophialophora bantiana in a Huacaya alpaca (Vicugna pacos).. J Comp Pathol 2011 Nov;145(4):410-3.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.02.003pubmed: 21511274google scholar: lookup
  38. Reed C, Fox JG, Campbell LH. Leukaemia in a cat with concurrent Cladosporium infection.. J Small Anim Pract 1974 Jan;15(1):55-62.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1974.tb05644.xpubmed: 4476034google scholar: lookup
  39. Sun PL, Peng PC, Wu PH, Chiang YL, Ju YM, Chang CC, Wang PC. Canine eumycetoma caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in a Maltese: case report and literature review.. Mycoses 2013 May;56(3):376-81.
    doi: 10.1111/myc.12033pubmed: 23294374google scholar: lookup
  40. Chowdhary A, Meis JF, Guarro J, de Hoog GS, Kathuria S, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S, Akova M, Boekhout T, Caira M, Guinea J, Chakrabarti A, Dannaoui E, van Diepeningen A, Freiberger T, Groll AH, Hope WW, Johnson E, Lackner M, Lagrou K, Lanternier F, Lass-Flörl C, Lortholary O, Meletiadis J, Muñoz P, Pagano L, Petrikkos G, Richardson MD, Roilides E, Skiada A, Tortorano AM, Ullmann AJ, Verweij PE, Cornely OA, Cuenca-Estrella M. ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: diseases caused by black fungi.. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014 Apr;20 Suppl 3:47-75.
    doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12515pubmed: 24483780google scholar: lookup
  41. Latimer FG, Colitz CM, Campbell NB, Papich MG. Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole following intravenous and oral administration and body fluid concentrations of fluconazole following repeated oral dosing in horses.. Am J Vet Res 2001 Oct;62(10):1606-11.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1606pubmed: 11592327google scholar: lookup
  42. Singh K. Laboratory-acquired infections.. Clin Infect Dis 2009 Jul 1;49(1):142-7.
    doi: 10.1086/599104pmc: PMC7107998pubmed: 19480580google scholar: lookup
  43. European Economic Community. Directive 2000/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work (seventh individual directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). 2000;Office for Official Publication of the European Communities, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
  44. Dillehay DL, Ribas JL, Newton JC Jr, Kwapien RP. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in two dogs and a cat.. Vet Pathol 1987 Mar;24(2):192-4.
    pubmed: 3576917doi: 10.1177/030098588702400217google scholar: lookup
  45. Docal CR, Lopes LL, de Campos CG, da Silveira MM, de Paula DAJ, Pescador CA. Feohifomicose no cérebro e nefrite em cão infectado pelo vírus da cinomose canina. Arch Vet Sci 2013;18:619–621.
  46. Leisewitz AL, Rademeyer C, Picard J. The use of liposomal amphotericin B in the management of Xylohypha bantiana mycosis in a dog.. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2002 Jun;73(2):79-82.
    pubmed: 12240776doi: 10.4102/jsava.v73i2.562google scholar: lookup
  47. Newsholme SJ, Tyrer MJ. Cerebral mycosis in a dog caused by Cladosporium trichoides Emmons 1952.. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 1980 Mar;47(1):47-9.
    pubmed: 7454235

Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Li J, Zhu Y, Mi J, Zhao Y, Holyoak GR, Yi Z, Wu R, Wang Z, Zeng S. Endometrial and vaginal microbiome in donkeys with and without clinical endometritis. Front Microbiol 2022;13:884574.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.884574pubmed: 35979491google scholar: lookup
  2. G Rathod P, Mishra B, Thakur A, S Loomba P, Sharma A, Bajaj A, Das M, Bhasin A. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladophialophora bantiana in an immunocompetent individual: A case report and brief review of literature. Curr Med Mycol 2020 Jun;6(2):52-57.
    doi: 10.18502/CMM.6.2.2693pubmed: 33628983google scholar: lookup
  3. Balducci JJ, Barber RM, McHale BJ, Stanton JB, Ryan CA. Cladophialophora encephalitis in an alpaca. Can Vet J 2020 Feb;61(2):142-146.
    pubmed: 32020931
  4. Headley SA, de Mello Zanim Michelazzo M, Elias B, Viana NE, Pereira YL, Pretto-Giordano LG, da Silva JF, da Silva FES, Vilas-Boas LA, da Costa Flaiban KKM, Alfieri AA, Gomes LA. Disseminated melanized fungal infection due to Cladosporium halotolerans in a dog coinfected with canine adenovirus-1 and canine parvovirus-2. Braz J Microbiol 2019 Jul;50(3):859-870.
    doi: 10.1007/s42770-019-00082-6pubmed: 30997656google scholar: lookup
  5. Alonso FH, Fenton H, Muller A, Freeman MA, Becker AAMJ, Rolph K, Abramo N, Rawlins G, Kitson L, Kessel E, Thrall MA. Case report: Disseminated Cladophialophora bantiana phaeohyphomycosis in a dog with hepatic dysfunction, and concurrent ehrlichiosis. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1451299.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1451299pubmed: 39157056google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 100,113 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.