Classification and clinical features in 88 cases of equine cutaneous lymphoma.
Abstract: Equine cutaneous lymphoma is an uncommon disease that can present with variable clinical signs, immunosuppression, and rapid systemic disease progression. Various subtypes of equine lymphoma have been described and classified according to a veterinary adaptation of the World Health Organization classification system, but little data is available regarding the association between lymphoma subtypes and epidemiological criteria and/or clinical outcome. The objective of the current study was to classify previously diagnosed cases of equine cutaneous lymphoma and correlate subtypes with clinical data to investigate epidemiological trends and prognostic implications. Results from the study confirm T-cell-rich, large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) as the predominant subtype in equine cutaneous lymphoma. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) was the second most common phenotype in the current study. To the authors' knowledge, a description of the morphological and immunohistochemical features of CTCL in horses, an epitheliotropic neoplasm similar to the cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma variant (mycosis fungoides) observed in human beings and canids, has not been previously described. Less common lymphoma subtypes identified in the study include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma. Quarter Horses almost exclusively developed TCRLBCL, while the frequency of CTCL was increased significantly in Thoroughbreds compared with other breeds. TCRLBCLs more frequently presented as multiple masses while CTCLs were more often solitary nodules. When multiple regions of the body were affected, 100% of cases were TCRBCL. Finally, there was an observable trend for longer survival in cases of TCRLBCL without local recurrence, suggesting adequate surgical excision may be an effective treatment modality.
© 2014 The Author(s).
Publication Date: 2014-12-20 PubMed ID: 25525142DOI: 10.1177/1040638714561653Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article discusses a study on equine cutaneous lymphoma, a skin cancer in horses, and aims to classify different subtypes of the disease. The study also seeks to recognize trends and predict outcomes based on these classifications. The main findings include the identification of T-cell-rich, large B-cell lymphoma (TCRLBCL) as the most common subtype and the documentation of clinical trends in different horse breeds.
Overview of Equine Cutaneous Lymphoma
- The study touches on equine cutaneous lymphoma, an infrequent disease affecting horses’ skin, causing variable clinical signs, immunosuppression (weakening of the immune system), and quick progression of systemic disease.
- Previous studies categorized subtypes of this lymphoma according to the World Health Organization system updated for veterinary use. However, there’s little information on the link between these subtypes with epidemiological parameters (like disease prevalence, distribution, and determinants) and treatment outcomes.
Objective and Methodology
- The study aimed to classify earlier diagnosed cases of equine cutaneous lymphoma, correlating the subtypes with clinical data to study epidemiological trends and predict prognosis.
Findings and Data Interpretation
- The research confirmed TCRLBCL as the most frequent subtype in equine cutaneous lymphoma.
- Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) was the second most prevalent subtype. CTCL in horses is similar to the cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma variant observed in humans and canids, a distinction not previously described.
- Other, less common lymphoma subtypes in the study include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma.
- In terms of breed-specific trends, quarter horses typically developed TCRLBCL, whereas thoroughbreds had an increased occurrence of CTCL.
- Further, TCRLBCLs frequently presented as multiple masses, while CTCLs were often single nodules.
- When multiple body regions were affected, all cases were of the TCRBCL subtype.
Prognosis and Treatment Implications
- There was a trend for longer survival in cases of TCRLBCL that did not have local recurrence, suggesting that surgical removal could be an effective treatment.
Cite This Article
APA
Miller CA, Durham AC, Schaffer PA, Ehrhart EJ, Powers BE, Duncan CG.
(2014).
Classification and clinical features in 88 cases of equine cutaneous lymphoma.
J Vet Diagn Invest, 27(1), 86-91.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638714561653 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham) craigmillerdvm@gmail.com.
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham).
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham).
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham).
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham).
- Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO (Miller, Schaffer, Ehrhart, Powers, Duncan)Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (Durham).
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Lymphoma, B-Cell / diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell / epidemiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell / pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell / veterinary
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic / diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic / epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic / pathology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic / veterinary
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / epidemiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / veterinary
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / epidemiology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / veterinary
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology
- Skin Neoplasms / pathology
- Skin Neoplasms / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Rissi DR, Avery AC, Burnett RC. T-cell-rich, large B-cell lymphoma in the brain of a horse. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023 May;35(3):327-331.
- Wensley FM, Berryhill EH, Magdesian KG. Association of globulin concentrations with prognosis in horses with lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1086010.
- Kondratjeva J, Julien F, Coutelier C, Humeau L, Moog F, Combarros D, Fourquaux I, Pressanti C, Delverdier M, Moore PF, Cadiergues MC. Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in a donkey - a case report. BMC Vet Res 2022 Jul 11;18(1):267.
- Wang L, Unger L, Sharif H, Eriksson S, Gerber V, Rönnberg H. Molecular characterization of equine thymidine kinase 1 and preliminary evaluation of its suitability as a serum biomarker for equine lymphoma. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021 Dec 14;22(1):59.
- Luethy D, Frimberger AE, Bedenice D, Byrne BS, Groover ES, Gardner RB, Lewis T, MacDonald VS, Proctor-Brown L, Tomlinson JE, Rassnick KM, Johnson AL. Retrospective evaluation of clinical outcome after chemotherapy for lymphoma in 15 equids (1991-2017). J Vet Intern Med 2019 Mar;33(2):953-960.
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