Clinical insights: Regenerative therapies in equine practice: Top 10 EVJ papers 2019-2024.

1. Zanotto GM, Frisbie DD. Current joint therapy usage in equine practice: changes in the last 10 years.. Equine Vet J 2022;54(4):750–756.
   doi: 10.1111/evj.13489google scholar: lookup
2. Ferris DJ, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith CW, Kawcak CE. Current joint therapy usage in equine practice: a survey of veterinarians 2009.. Equine Vet J 2011;43:530–535.
   doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.000324.xgoogle scholar: lookup
3. Knott LE, Fonseca‐Martinez BA, O'Connor AM, Goodrich LR, McIlwraith CW, Colbath AC. Current use of biologic therapies for musculoskeletal disease: a survey of board‐certified equine specialists.. Vet Surg 2022;51:557–567.
   doi: 10.1111/vsu.13805google scholar: lookup
4. Wilson JM, McKenzie E, Duesterdieck‐Zellmer K. International survey regarding the use of rehabilitation modalities in horses.. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:120.
   doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00120google scholar: lookup
5. Peng C, Yang L, Labens R, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Li J. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the efficacy of platelet‐rich plasma products for treatment of equine joint disease.. Equine Vet J 2024;56(5):858–869.
   doi: 10.1111/evj.14042google scholar: lookup
6. Lofgren M, Ekman S, Ekholm J, Engstrom M, Fjordbakk CT, Svala E. Conditioned serum in vitro treatment of chondrocyte pellets and osteoarthritic explants.. Equine Vet J 2023;55(2):325–335.
   doi: 10.1111/evj.13582google scholar: lookup
7. Berglund AK, Long JM, Robertson JB, Schnabel LV. TGF‐ß2 reduces the cell‐mediated immunogenicity of equine MHC‐mismatched bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells without altering immunomodulatory properties.. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021;9:628382.
   doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628382google scholar: lookup
8. Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Johnson V, Griffenhagen GM, Goodrich L, Dow S. Toll‐like receptor activation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells to enhance antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory cytokine secretion.. Vet Surg 2021;50:858–871.
   doi: 10.1111/vsu.13628google scholar: lookup
9. Sy B, Seys B, Suls M, Vandenberghe A, Marien T, Adriaensen E. Equine allogeneic chondrogenic induced mesenchymal stem cells are an effective treatment for degenerative joint disease in horses.. Stem Cells Dev 2019;28:410–422.
   doi: 10.1089/scd.2018.0061google scholar: lookup
10. O'Brien T, Hollinshead F, Goodrich LR. Extracellular vesicles in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis: can horses help us translate this therapy to humans?. Extracell Vesicles Circl Nucleic Acids 2023;4:151–169.
    doi: 10.20517/evcna.2023.11google scholar: lookup
11. Schnabel LV, Lynch ME, van der Meulen MCH, Yeager AE, Kornatowski MA, Nixon AJ. Mesenchymal stem cells and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 gene‐enhanced mesenchymal stem cells improve structural aspects of healing in equine flexor digitorum superficialis tendons.. J Orthop Res 2009;27:1392–1398.
12. Nixon AJ, Dahlgren LA, Haupt JL, Yeager AE, Ward DL. Effect of adipose‐derived nucleated cell fractions on tendon repair in horses with collagenase‐induced tendinitis.. Am J Vet Res 2008;69:929–937.
13. Wilke MM, Nydam DV, Nixon AJ. Enhanced early chondrogenesis in articular defects following athroscopic mesenchymal stem cell implantation in an equine model.. J Orthop Res 2007;25:913–925.
14. Frisbie DD, Kisiday JD, Kawcak CE, Werpy NM, McIlwraith CW. Evaluation of adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction or bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of osteoarthritis.. J Orthop Res 2009;27:1675–1680.
15. McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Rodkey WG, Kisiday JD, Werpy NM, Kawcak CE. Evaluation of intra‐articular mesenchymal stem cells to augment healing of microfractured chondral defects.. Art Ther 2011;27:1552–1561.
16. Ferris DJ, Frisbie DD, Kisiday JF, McIlwraith CW, Hague BA, Major MD. Clinical outcome after intra‐articular administration of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in 33 horses with stifle injury.. Vet Surg 2014;43:255–265.
17. Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Strumpf A, Johnson V, Dow SW. Immune activated cellular therapy for drug resistant infections: rationale, mechanisms, and implications for veterinary medicine.. Vet Sci 2022;9:610.
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9110610google scholar: lookup
18. Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Dow SW, Goodrich LR, Gilbertie JM, Schnabel LV. Antimicrobial properties of equine stromal cells and platelets and future directions.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023;39:565–578.
19. Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Phillips J, Griffenhagen GM, Moore AR, Schaer TP. TLR‐activated mesenchymal stromal cell therapy and antibiotics to treat multi‐drug resistant Staphylococcal septic arthritis in an equine model.. Ann Transl Med 2022;10:1157.
    doi: 10.21037/atm-22-1746google scholar: lookup
20. Godwin EE, Young NJ, Dudhia J, Beamish IC, Smith RKW. Implantation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrates improved outcomes in horses with overstrain injury of the superficial digital flexor tendon.. Equine Vet J 2012;44:25–32.
21. M'Cloud WRC, Guzman KE, Panek CL, Colbath AC. Stem cells and platelet‐rich plasma for the treatment of naturally occurring equine tendon and ligament injuries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis.. JAVMA 2024;262(S1):S50–S60.
    doi: 10.2460/javma.23.12.0723google scholar: lookup
22. Hansen SH, Bramlage LR, Moore GE. Racing performance of thoroughbred racehorses with suspensory ligament branch desmitis treated with mesenchymal stem cells (2010–2019).. Equine Vet J 2024;56(3):503–513.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13980google scholar: lookup
23. Salz RO, Elliott CRB, Zuffa T, Bennet ED, Ahern BJ. Treatment of racehorse superficial digital flexor tendonitis: a comparison of stem cell treatments to controlled exercise rehabilitation in 213 cases.. Equine Vet J 2023;55(6):979–987.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13922google scholar: lookup
24. Murphy DJ, Ko‐Peternelj V, Aleri JW. Intralesional bone marrow and superior check desmotomy is superior to conservative treatment of equine superficial digital flexor tendonitis.. Equine Vet J 2022;54(6):1047–1054.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13553google scholar: lookup
25. Fortier LA. Equine bone marrow aspirate concentrate.. Vet Clin Equine 2023;39:453–459.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.05.002google scholar: lookup
26. Cassano JM, Schnabel GMB, Fortier LA. Inflammatory licensed equine MSCs are chondroprotective and exhibit enhanced immunomodulation in an inflammatory environment.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018;9:82.
27. Szabó E, Fajka‐Boja R, Kriston‐Pál É, Hornung Á, Makra I, Kudlik G. Licensing by inflammatory cytokines abolishes heterogeneity of immunosuppressive function of mesenchymal stem cell population.. Stem Cells Dev 2015;24:2171–2180.
28. Krampera M. Mesenchymal stromal cell ‘licensing’: a multistep process.. Leuk Off J Leuk Soc Am Leuk Res Fund UK 2011;25:1408–1414.
29. Polchert D, Sobinsky J, Douglas G, Kidd M, Moadsiri A, Reina E. IFN‐gamma activation of mesenchymal stem cells for treatment and prevention of graft versus host disease.. Eur J Immunol 2008;38:1745–1755.
30. Waterman RS, Morgenweck J, Nossaman BD, Scandurro AE, Scandurro SA, Betancourt AM. Anti‐inflammatory mesenchymal stem cells (MSC2) attenuate symptoms of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012;1:557–565.
31. Berglund AK, Fisher MB, Cameron KA, Poole EJ, Schnabel LV. Transforming growth factor‐ß2 downregulates major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and MHC II surface expression on equine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells without altering other phenotypic cell surface markers.. Front Vet Sci 2017;4:84.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00084google scholar: lookup
32. Koch DW, Schnabel LV, Ellis IM, Bates RE, Berglund AK. TGF‐ß2 enhances expression of equine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell paracrine factors with known associations to tendon healing.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022;13(1):477.
33. Spaas JH, Broeckx SY, Chiers K, Ferguson SJ, Casarosa M, Van Bruaene N. Chondrogenic priming at reduced cell density enhances cartilage adhesion of equine allogeneic MSCs—a loading sensitive phenomenon in an organ culture study with 180 explants.. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;37(2):651–665.
34. Delco ML, Goodale M, Talts JF, Pownder SL, Koff MF, Miller AD. Integrin α101ß1‐selected mesenchymal stem cells mitigate the progression of osteoarthritis in an equine talar impact model.. Am J Sports Med 2020;48(3):612–623.
35. Broeckx SY, Martens AM, Bertone AL, van Brantegem L, Duchateau L, van Hecke L. The use of equine chondrogenic‐induced mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for osteoarthritis: a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled proof‐of‐concept study.. Equine Vet J 2019;51(6):787–794.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13089google scholar: lookup
36. Carlier S, Depuydt E, Suls M, Bocque C, Thys J, Vandenberghe A. Equine allogeneic tenogenic primed mesenchymal stem cells: a clinical field study in horses suffering from naturally occurring superficial digital flexor tendon and suspensory ligament injuries.. Equine Vet J 2024;56(5):924–935.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.14008google scholar: lookup
37. Colbath AC, Dow SW, McIlwraith CW, Goodrich LR. Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of musculoskeletal disease in horses: relative merits of allogeneic versus autologous stem cells.. Equine Vet J 2020;52(5):654–663.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13233google scholar: lookup
38. Menarim BC, Gillis KH, Oliver A, Mason C, Ngo Y, Werre SR. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells modulate joint homeostasis in an equine in vivo model of synovitis.. FASEB J 2019;33:14337–14353.
39. Pezzanite LM, Timkovich AE, Sikes KJ, Chow L, Hendrickson DA, Becker JR. Erythrocyte removal from bone marrow aspirate concentrate improves efficacy as intra‐articular cellular therapy in a rodent osteoarthritis model.. Ann Transl Med 2023;11(9):311.
40. Yin K, Wang S, Zhao RC. Exosomes from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: a new therapeutic paradigm.. Biomark Res 2018;7:8.
41. Kalra H, Drummen GP, Mathivanan S. Focus on extracellular vesicles: introducing the next small big thing.. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17:170.
42. Tasma Z, Hou W, Damani T, Seddon K, Kang M, Ge Y. Production of extracellular vesicles from equine embryo‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells.. Reproduction 2022;164:143–154.
43. Arevalo‐Turrubiarte M, Baratta M, Ponti G, Chiaradia E, Martignani E. Extracellular vesicles from equine mesenchymal stem cells decrease inflammation markers in chondrocytes in vitro.. Equine Vet J 2022;54(6):1133–1143.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.13537google scholar: lookup

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