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The Keio journal of medicine2017; 66(4); 57-64; doi: 10.2302/kjm.2016-0017-IR

Clinical Serum Therapy: Benefits, Cautions, and Potential Applications.

Abstract: Blood serum from immunized humans or animals (e.g., horses) contains relevant antibodies and has been used as serum therapy to treat many diseases or envenomation events. The effectiveness of blood serum was initially discovered in 1890 when Kitasato and von Behring observed the effectiveness of this type of therapy against diphtheria and tetanus. Serum therapies played an important role in the advancement of modern medicine prior to the development of penicillin and steroids. At present, several types of serum therapy remain in clinical use. However, some physicians have a limited understanding of the nature and the benefits of serum therapy and the factors that require particular attention. In this review, we set out to clarify the benefits, cautions, and potential applications of serum therapy in the context of conditions such as gas gangrene, diphtheria, botulism, and tetanus and bites from three snake species (mamushi, habu, and yamakagashi) and the redback spider. It is hoped that this review will help clinicians to learn about clinical serum therapies and become familiar with their applications.
Publication Date: 2017-04-28 PubMed ID: 28450682DOI: 10.2302/kjm.2016-0017-IRGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article discusses the benefits, limitations, and potential applications of serum therapy, a medical treatment that uses antibodies from immunized human or animal blood serums to treat various diseases or venomous bites.

Overview of Serum Therapy

The concept of serum therapy dates back to 1890 when it was initially discovered that blood serum from immunized individuals could be used as an effective treatment against illnesses such as diphtheria and tetanus. Even though serum therapy played a significant part in the advancement of modern medicine, its understanding among physicians is quite limited. Presently, a few types of serum therapy are still in clinical use.

  • The fundamental principle of serum therapy is the use of blood serum from immunized humans or animals. This serum contains antibodies that assist in fighting against certain diseases or poisonings from venomous bites.
  • Serum therapy basically involves using the immunity of one organism to help another to fight against disease. So, if an organism has successfully fought off a particular disease or venom, their blood will contain the antibodies necessary to do so. This blood can be used to produce a serum to treat other organisms suffering from the same condition.

Advantages And Limitations Of Serum Therapy

Despite its potential advantages, serum therapy also has certain limitations that require attention from physicians.

  • One of the major benefits of serum therapy is its ability to treat a wide range of illnesses, from bacterial infections like diphtheria to venomous bites from various creatures.
  • The therapy has proven life-saving in cases where traditional antibiotics aren’t effective.
  • However, serum therapy also has certain limitations, primarily relating to potential allergic reactions and immunological complications. There is also a risk of serum sickness, a reaction that can occur as your body’s immune system reacts to certain medications.
  • Moreover, the possibility of blood-borne disease transmission is a significant concern with the use of serum from other individuals or species.

Potential Applications Of Serum Therapy

Serum therapy can potentially be applied to a variety of health conditions and diseases.

  • In the article, specific examples are mentioned where serum therapy could be applied, including conditions such as gas gangrene, diphtheria, botulism, and tetanus.
  • In addition to diseases, serum therapy was also mentioned as a potential treatment for bites from various snake species including mamushi, habu, and yamakagashi, as well as the redback spider.

In conclusion, the article aims to improve the understanding and application of serum therapy among clinicians, despite its limitations and risks. By doing so, it could potentially open up new opportunities in treating a variety of diseases and venomous bites.

Cite This Article

APA
Hifumi T, Yamamoto A, Ato M, Sawabe K, Morokuma K, Morine N, Kondo Y, Noda E, Sakai A, Takahashi J, Umezawa K. (2017). Clinical Serum Therapy: Benefits, Cautions, and Potential Applications. Keio J Med, 66(4), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.2302/kjm.2016-0017-IR

Publication

ISSN: 1880-1293
NlmUniqueID: 0376354
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 66
Issue: 4
Pages: 57-64

Researcher Affiliations

Hifumi, Toru
  • Emergency Medical Center, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa, Japan.
Yamamoto, Akihiko
  • Department of Biosafety, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
Ato, Manabu
  • Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
Sawabe, Kyoko
  • Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan.
Morokuma, Kazunori
  • The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute (KAKETSUKEN), Kumamoto, Japan.
Morine, Nobuya
  • Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan.
Kondo, Yutaka
  • Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Noda, Eiichiro
  • Department of Emergency Medicine, Fukuoka City Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
Sakai, Atsushi
  • The Japan Snake Institute, Gunma, Japan.
Takahashi, Jin
  • Department of Emergency Medicine, Tokyo Bay Urayasu/Ichikawa Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.
Umezawa, Kazuo
  • Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antitoxins / therapeutic use
  • Antivenins / therapeutic use
  • Botulism / immunology
  • Botulism / physiopathology
  • Botulism / therapy
  • Diphtheria / immunology
  • Diphtheria / physiopathology
  • Diphtheria / therapy
  • Gas Gangrene / immunology
  • Gas Gangrene / physiopathology
  • Gas Gangrene / therapy
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Immune Sera / administration & dosage
  • Immunization, Passive / methods
  • Snake Bites / immunology
  • Snake Bites / physiopathology
  • Snake Bites / therapy
  • Spider Bites / immunology
  • Spider Bites / physiopathology
  • Spider Bites / therapy
  • Tetanus / immunology
  • Tetanus / physiopathology
  • Tetanus / therapy

Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.